最新刊期
卷 37 ， 期 2 ， 2026
- “在医疗机构制剂领域，专家构建了全链条协同创新链，形成“政产学研用”五位一体的新模式，为解决关键问题提供参考。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo explore a model for constructing a platform for medical institution formulation and provide insights for promoting their development.METHODSBy systematically reviewing the development status and challenges of medical institution preparations in China， and based on the theory of industry-university-research collaborative innovation， the organizational structure， collaborative processes， and safeguard mechanisms of the platform were designed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONSMedical institution formulations in China mainly faced challenges such as weak research and development （R&D） capacity， uneven quality standards， and blocked transformation pathways. This study established a full-chain， whole-industry collaborative innovation network covering the government， medical institutions， universities/research institutes， pharmaceutical enterprises， and the market， forming a new “government-industry-university-research-application” five-in-one platform model for medical institution formulations. By establishing mechanisms such as multi-entity collaborative cooperation， full-chain intellectual property management， contribution-based benefit distribution， staged risk-sharing， and third-party evaluation， the model clarified the responsibilities and collaborative pathways of all parties. The new model highlights the whole-process transformation of clinical experience-based prescriptions， enabling precise alignment between clinical needs and technological R&D， as well as between preparation achievements and industrial transformation. While breaking down the barriers of traditional platform construction， it effectively achieves optimal resource allocation and complementary advantages， addresses problems emerging in the development of medical institution preparations， and provides reference value for the formulation of relevant systems.关键词：medical institution formulation;platform construction;pharmaceutical care;technology transfer0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “据最新研究，我国5种血小板生成素受体激动剂临床综合评价显示，芦曲泊帕片和艾曲泊帕乙醇胺片综合评分较高，可作为医疗机构药品遴选重点考虑。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo conduct a clinical comprehensive evaluation of five marketed thrombopoietin receptor agonists （TPO-RA） approved in China， providing quantitative evidence for drug selection and therapeutic decision-making in medical institutions.METHODSRelevant data on Romiplostim for injection， Eltrombopag olamine tablets， Herombopag olamine tablets， Avatrombopag maleate tablets， and Lusutrombopag tablets were collected. Based on the Chinese Rapid Guide for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Medical Institutions （Second Edition）， 12 formulations of these five TPO-RA were scored quantitatively and comparatively across five dimensions： pharmacological characteristics， efficacy， safety， cost-effectiveness， and other attributes.RESULTSThe comprehensive scores of the 12 formulations ranged from 62.56 to 75.50 points， with most scoring ≥70 points. Using the highest-scoring formulation for each generic name as a representative， the overall rankings of the five TPO-RA were as follows： Lusutrombopag tablets （75.50 points）， Eltrombopag olamine tablets （75.10 points）， Avatrombopag maleate tablets （70.40 points）， Romiplostim for injection （63.93 points）， and Herombopag olamine tablets （63.52 points）. Lusutrombopag tablets scored relatively high in pharmacological characteristics， safety， and cost-effectiveness， while Eltrombopag olamine tablets performed well in efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The other formulations showed varying scores across evaluation dimensions.CONCLUSIONSThe five TPO-RA demonstrate favorable overall clinical value， with Lusutrombopag tablets and Eltrombopag olamine tablets ranking higher in comprehensive scores， these two drugs should be prioritized in drug selection and formula optimization by medical institutions.关键词：Eltrombopag olamine tablets;Lusutrombopag tablets;drug selection;comprehensive evaluation0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究显示，依洛尤单抗在治疗高胆固醇血症方面表现最佳，为首选药物。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo conduct a clinical rapid evaluation of the marketed proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） inhibitors in China， including evolocumab， tafolecimab， recaticimab， ebronucimab， ongericimab and inclisiran.METHODSBased on the Rapid Guide for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions （second edition）， drug instructions， clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines， and literature for six drugs were retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library and related official websites. The clinical rapid evaluation was conducted from five aspects： pharmaceutical characteristics， effectiveness， safety， economy， and other attributes.RESULTSThe pharmaceutical characteristics， effectiveness， safety， economy， other attributes， and total score of evolocumab scored 24， 27， 15.7， 10， 5.3， and 82 points， respectively. Tafolecimab scored 23.5， 23， 11.5， 9.97， 4.6， and 72.57 points， respectively. Recaticimab scored 20.5， 22， 15.5， 6.37， 3.5， and 67.87 points. Ebronucimab scored 20， 23， 11， 6.48， 3.5， and 63.98 points. Ongericimab scored 20.5， 23， 8.5， 4.83， 3.5， and 60.33 points. Inclisiran scored 25.5， 24， 13， 6.48， 5， and 73.98 points.CONCLUSIONSEvolocumab is the optimal choice for treating hypercholesterolemia and is recommended as the first-line option. Tafolecimab is the second-line option， and recaticimab is suitable for patients who are sensitive to drug adverse reactions. Inclisiran is suitable for patients with poor compliance. Ebronucimab and ongericimab are weakly recommended due to their later market introduction. Clinicians should make individualized drug selections based on factors such as patient risk level and compliance requirements.关键词：evolocumab;tafolecimab;recaticimab;ebronucimab;ongericimab;inclisiran;hypercho-lesterolemia;rapid evaluation0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究发现，蠲哮汤通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体信号通路，可减轻哮喘大鼠气道炎症反应，改善肺功能损伤。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential mechanism by which Juanxiao decoction improves bronchial asthma （hereinafter referred to as “asthma”） based on the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome signaling pathway.METHODSFemale SD rats were randomly assigned to normal group， model group and Juanxiao decoction low-， medium- and high-dose groups （0.36， 0.72 and 1.44 g/kg， calculated based on crude drug weight）， as well as positive control group （Dexamethasone acetate tablets， 0.2 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， asthma models were established in the remaining groups via intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin combined with aluminum hydroxide， followed by nebulized inhalation of ovalbumin. On day 14 of the experiment， rats in each group received intragastric administration of the corresponding solution or normal saline， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. Following the final administration， the following parameters were measured in each group： lung function indexes （forced vital capacity， forced expiratory volume in 0.3 second， peak expiratory flow）， serum levels of inflammatory markers （interleukin-1β， interleukin-18）， and the percentages of inflammatory cells （lymphocytes， eosinophils， neutrophils） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were observed， and the protein and mRNA expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， NLRP3 and caspase-1 in lung tissue were detected.RESULTSCompared with the normal group， pathological changes such as alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in rats in the model group. All pulmonary function indicators were significantly reduced in rats in the model group and the administration groups. The levels of inflammatory markers， the percentages of inflammatory cells， and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB， NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly elevated or up-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， pathological changes in rats in each dosage group of Juanxiao decoction were significantly alleviated， and all quantitative indicators showed dose-dependent improvements （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSJuanxiao decoction can reduce airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic rats， alleviate lung function impairment， and improve pathological changes such as inflammatory cell infiltration. Those effects may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.关键词：bronchial asthma;NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “西黄丸抗弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤研究取得新进展，揭示其调控SRC/PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导凋亡的分子机制，为临床治疗提供新思路。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of Xihuang pill （XHP） against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）.METHODSThe active ingredients of XHP and potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL were identified using TCMSP， GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the String database and Cytoscape software to screen core components and core targets. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were then performed. The clinical relevance of core targets was analyzed using the GEPIA and PanCanSurvPlot databases. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics （MD） simulation were conducted to verify the interactions between core components and core targets， and the binding free energy was calculated using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area （MM-PBSA） method. The effects of XHP on DLBCL and the related molecular mechanisms were validated using CCK-8 assay， flow cytometry and Western blot.RESULTSNetwork pharmacology analysis identified 108 active ingredients of XHP and 410 potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL. Six core components （e.g.， 17 beta-estradiol， quercetin） and ten core targets [e.g.， tumor protein 53 （TP53）， proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src （SRC）] were obtained. Enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-DLBCL effects of XHP were primarily associated with the apoptotic signaling pathway， the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway and so on. Clinical correlation analysis revealed that TP53 and SRC expression were significantly up-regulated in DLBCL tissues and associated with poor patient prognosis （P＜0.05）. Molecular docking， MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations confirmed that the SRC-quercetin complex had a stronger and more stable binding affinity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that XHP concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation of DLBCL cells； compared with control group， XHP medium- and high-dose groups could significantly induce the apoptosis of SU-DHL2 and SU-DHL4 cells， and significantly down-regulated the expressions of SRC protein， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in SU-DHL4 cells （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSXHP may inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of DLBCL cells by regulating the SRC/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.关键词：diffuse large B-cell lymphoma;network pharmacology;molecular docking;molecular dynamics simulation0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “在中药化学成分研究领域，专家采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间串联质谱法分析栀子姜制前后成分差异，发现栀子姜制后减少了21个成分，新增了7个成分；不同产地姜栀子的水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物和京尼平龙胆双糖苷、栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量存在差异。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo analyze the differences in chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides before and after processing with ginger， and to evaluate the quality differences among different producing areas.METHODSUltra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the compositional differences of G. jasminoides before and after processing with ginger. The water content， total ash， and ethanol-soluble extract content of ginger-processed G. jasminoides were determined according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to determine the contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ in ginger-processed G. jasminoides.RESULTSA total of 49 chemical components were identified from raw G. jasminoides and ginger-processed G. jasminoides， including 14 flavonoids， 15 iridoids， 10 organic acids， 2 alkaloids and 8 other compounds. Among them， 42 components were detected in raw G. jasminoides， 28 in ginger-processed G. jasminoides， and 21 components were common to both. After processing with ginger， raw G. jasminoides lost 21 components （including iridoids， flavonoids， alkaloids， and others）， while 7 chemical components were added （including coumarins， organic acids， organic acid esters， and flavonoids）. For the 15 batches of ginger-processed G. jasminoides， the water content ranged from 5.64% to 7.11%， total ash from 2.92% to 4.87%， and ethanol-soluble extract from 40.61% to 58.02%. The average contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ were 0.108 7， 0.542 2， 0.565 0， and 0.012 5 mg/g， respectively.CONCLUSIONSAfter processing with ginger， G. jasminoides loses 21 components， while 7 new components are added. Differences are observed in the water content， total ash， ethanol-soluble extract， and the contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ， and crocin Ⅱ of ginger-processed G. jasminoides from different producing areas. Notably， samples from Fujian exhibit high contents of genipin gentiobioside and ethanol-soluble extract， while samples from Jiangxi have a high content of crocin Ⅰ.关键词：ginger-processed Gardenia jasminoides;processing;UPLC-TOF-MS/MS;chemical components;quality difference0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究发现，益肾排毒方通过抑制ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3通路，有效延缓慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾纤维化。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanism of the Yishen paidu formula on renal fibrosis in rats with chronic renal failure （CRF） through the reactive oxygen species （ROS）/thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway.METHODSRats were randomly divided into control group， model group， Yishen paidu formula low-dose （Yishen paidu formula-L） group， Yishen paidu formula high-dose （Yishen paidu formula-H） group， Yishen paidu formula-H+pcDNA-NC group， and Yishen paidu formula-H+ pcDNA-TXNIP group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for control group， all other rats were fed a diet containing 0.5% adenine to establish a CRF model； the rats were then administered corresponding drugs or normal saline intragastrically or via tail vein， once daily， for 8 consecutive weeks. After the last administration， the levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， ROS， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， and IL-1β were measured in each group. Pathological changes in renal tissue were observed， and the protein expression levels of Collagen Ⅲ， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）， TXNIP and NLRP3 in renal tissue were detected.RESULTSCompared with model group， the renal histopathological damage and fibrosis of rats in Yishen paidu formula-L group and Yishen paidu formula-H group were significantly alleviated. The levels of Scr， BUN， ROS， MDA， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β， and the protein expressions of Collagen Ⅲ， α-SMA， TGF-β1， TXNIP and NLRP3 were significantly decreased， while SOD levels were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the changes were more pronounced in the Yishen paidu formula-H group （P＜0.05）. Compared with Yishen paidu formula-H+pcDNA-NC group， above indexes of rats in Yishen paidu formula-H+pcDNA-TXNIP group were reversed significantly （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSYishen paidu formula can inhibit renal fibrosis in CRF rats by suppressing the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.关键词：chronic renal failure;renal fibrosis;ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “在药物透皮吸收领域，研究者构建了黄芩汤自组装纳米粒共载药系统，显著提升了特比萘芬的透皮吸收效率与皮肤滞留量。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Huangqin decoction （HQD）-based self-assembled nanoparticles （SAN） co-loaded with terbinafine （TBF） （TBF-HQD-SAN NPs） on the transdermal absorption of TBF.METHODSHigh-speed centrifugation combined with dialysis was used to separate HQD-SAN， and TBF-HQD-SAN NPs were obtained by loading TBF using the ultrasound magnetic stirring method； the particle size distribution， Zeta potential and polydispersity index （PDI） of the nanoparticle were characterized， and the encapsulation efficiency （EE） and drug loading （DL） of TBF were determined； using in vitro and in vivo transdermal experiments， the differences in transdermal performance between TBF-HQD-SAN NPs and TBF raw materials， as well as TBF and HQD-SAN physical mixture （TBF-HQD-SAN PM）， were compared and analyzed.RESULTSTBF-HQD-SAN NPs were spherical with a particle size of （177.60±2.57） nm， a PDI of 0.197 4±0.007 9， and a Zeta potential of （－14.63±0.85） mV. The EE and DL of TBF were （99.49±0.71）% and （3.22±0.10）%， respectively. In vitro transdermal experiments， compared with TBF raw materials， the steady-state permeation rate （Jss） and skin retention of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 3.34 times and 27.56 times， respectively （P＜0.05）； compared with TBF-HQD-SAN PM， its Jss and skin retention were increased by 2.04 times and 7.44 times， respectively （P＜0.05）. In vivo transdermal experiments showed that， the area under the drug-time curve and the maximum concentration of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 2.13 times and 2.06 times respectively compared to TBF raw materials， and increased by 1.59 times and 1.65 times respectively compared to TBF-HQD-SAN PM （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSTBF-HQD-SAN NPs can significantly enhance the in vitro and in vivo transdermal absorption efficiency and skin retention of TBF.关键词：Huangqin decoction;self-assembled nanoparticles;transdermal absorption;skin retention;dermatophytosis0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究发现，茯苓酸通过激活Sirt1/PGC-1α通路，有效改善妊娠高血压引起的孕鼠肾损伤。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of pachymic acid on renal injury in pregnancy induced hypertension （PIH） rats by regulating the silent information regulator transcript 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （Sirt1/PGC-1α） pathway.METHODSPregnant SD rats were prepared by co-caging and PIH model was induced using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） method. PIH rats were randomly divided into model group， L-pachymic acid （low-dose pachymic acid， 10 mg/kg） group， H-pachymic acid （high-dose pachymic acid， 20 mg/kg） group， and H-pachymic acid+EX527 （20 mg/kg pachymic acid+10 mg/kg EX527） group， with 6 rats in each group. Another 6 normal pregnant rats were selected as blank group. Each group was given relevant medicine or solvent intragastrically or intraperitoneally daily， once a day， for 28 consecutive days. After the last administration， 24 h urinary protein and tail artery systolic blood pressure （SBP） were measured in pregnant rats from each group， along with the levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， uric acid （UA）， and cystatin C （Cys-C）. The contents of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） in renal tissue， as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α， were also determined. Meanwhile， renal histopathological changes in rats from each group were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining.RESULTSCompared with model group， L-pachymic acid group and H-pachymic acid group exhibited significant decreases in 24 h urine protein quantification， tail artery SBP， Scr， BUN， UA， Cys-C levels， glomerulosclerosis index score of renal tissue， renal tubular injury score， the percentage of PAS positive area， MDA and 8-OHdG （P＜0.05）. Conversely， the contents of SOD and GSH-Px， along with the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α， were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Moreover， these improvements were more pronounced in H-pachymic acid group （P＜0.05）. Compared with H-pachymic acid group， the aforementioned indicators in pregnant rats from the H-pachymic acid+EX527 group showed significant reversal （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSPachymic acid significantly ameliorates renal injury induced by PIH in rats， potentially through activation of the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.关键词：pregnancy induced hypertension;renal injury;Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “据最新研究，头孢地尔治疗耐碳青霉烯类革兰氏阴性菌感染在我国卫生体系中经济性不足，需降低价格以提高可及性。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cefiderocol versus best available therapy （BAT） or standard-of-care （SOC） for the treatment of confirmed or suspected carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial （CRGNB） serious infections from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system， and to explore its reasonable pricing.METHODSA decision tree model was constructed based on data from two phase Ⅲ clinical trials （CREDIBLE-CR and GAME CHANGER） to simulate the cost-effectiveness of cefiderocol in two scenarios： salvage therapy for confirmed CRGNB infection （scenario 1） and empirical therapy for suspected CRGNB infection （scenario 2）. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）. The willingness-to-pay （WTP） was set at 1 to 3 times China’s per capita GDP in 2024. To verify the robustness of the results， one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted， and based on these， a reasonable price range for cefiderocol in the Chinese market was explored.RESULTSThe results for scenario 1 showed that the clinical cure rate in the cefiderocol group was higher than that in the BAT group （47.50% vs. 34.21%）， but its ICER was 415 065.03 yuan per cured case， exceeding three times China’s GDP per capita. Scenario 2 revealed that the ICER for cefiderocol relative to SOC was as high as 1 362 446.16 yuan per cured case， far exceeding the WTP. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the treatment duration and price of cefiderocol were key factors affecting its cost-effectiveness. In the two scenarios described above， the unit price of cefiderocol must fall below 683.47 and 242.00 yuan/g， respectively， to be considered cost-effective.CONCLUSIONSBased on the current market price， cefiderocol lacks sufficient cost-effectiveness for treating confirmed or suspected CRGNB serious infections within China’s healthcare system. To improve its accessibility， price negotiations or a tiered medical insurance payment strategy are required.关键词：carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria;severe infection;pharmacoeconomics;cost-effectiveness analysis0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “据最新研究，高原地区患者万古霉素血浆药物谷浓度受肾功能、肝功能及血液学指标等多因素影响，建立了预测模型，为临床合理用药提供参考。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo analyze the influencing factors for achieving target plasma drug concentration （trough） （abbreviated as “PDC”） of vancomycin in patients from high-altitude regions and establish a predictive model for PDC using single-center data， providing references for rational clinical drug use.METHODSInpatients with vancomycin （1 g， q12 h） administered intravenously in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively included. Demographic data， liver and kidney function and hematological indexes were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between vancomycin PDC and each detection index. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate the differences of each index in patients with different PDC， and the effects of different gender， body mass index， age and underlying diseases （hypertension/diabetes） on vancomycin PDC. Based on the results of correlation analysis and univariate analysis， multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to obtain the independent predictors of vancomycin PDC and construct the prediction model.RESULTSA total of 141 patients were included， with an overall attainment rate of 46.81% for the target PDC of vancomycin. Correlation analysis showed that the vancomycin PDC was positively correlated with age， blood urea nitrogen， uric acid （UA）， serum creatinine （CRE） and β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）， and negatively correlated with height， weight， creatinine clearance rate （CCR）， glomerular filtration rate （GFR）， alanine transaminase （ALT）， hemoglobin （HGB）， white blood cell count and neutrophils （P＜0.05）. There were significant differences in age， CRE and other 14 indexes among different PDC groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Age and underlying diseases had significant effects on vancomycin PDC （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CCR， direct bilirubin （DBil）， β2-MG， UA， HGB and height （standardized coefficients were －0.371， 0.367， 0.169， 0.232， －0.140， －0.132； P＜0.05） were independent predictors of vancomycin PDC. The F value of the regression equation was 34.858 （P＜0.05）， the R2 was 0.610， and the adjusted R2 was 0.592.CONCLUSIONSThe vancomycin PDC of patients in high-altitude regions is affected by multiple factors such as renal function， liver function and hematological indexes. CCR， HGB and height could be used to predict vancomycin PDC negatively， while DBil， β2-MG and UA could be used to predict vancomycin PDC positively. The variables of the established prediction model could explain 59.2% of the variation of vancomycin PDC.关键词：high-altitude regions;plasma drug concentration （trough）;influencing factors;prediction model0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “苏州大学附属苏州九院研究显示，亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮可有效减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后焦虑、减少术中阿片类药物用量、抑制术后炎症反应、缓解术后疼痛并促进术后恢复。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative anxiety and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODSA total of 200 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly assigned to control group （n＝100） and observation group （n＝100）. One minute before the initiation of anesthesia， patients in the control group received intravenous injections of Propofol emulsion injection， Sufentanil citrate injection， and Succinylcholine chloride injection. On this basis， patients in the observation group received an intravenous injection of Esketamine hydrochloride injection. The anxiety status of patients in both groups was compared， along with their general intraoperative conditions （including sufentanil dosage， duration of pneumoperitoneum， operative time， anesthesia time， and extubation time）， postoperative recovery， incidence of adverse reactions， and the need for dezocine rescue analgesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure， entropy index （state entropy and response entropy）， inflammatory marker levels [interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-reactive protein （CRP）]， numerical rating scale （NRS） for pain intensity were compared between the two groups at different time points.RESULTSNo significant differences were found between the two groups in pneumoperitoneum duration， operative time， anesthesia time， extubation time， incidence of postoperative dry mouth， entropy index or length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit （P＞0.05）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed significantly lower postoperative STAI-S scores， reduced intraoperative sufentanil consumption， decreased incidence of postoperative nausea， vomiting， and shivering， the need for dezocine rescue analgesia， as well as lower plasma IL-6 and CRP levels at 24 h after surgery， and NRS （P＜0.05）. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure of patients in the observation group at the start of surgery， end of surgery， and during extubation were all significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSSubanesthetic dose of esketamine can effectively alleviate postoperative anxiety， reduce intraoperative opioid consumption， suppress postoperative inflammatory response， relieve postoperative pain， and promote recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.关键词：anxiety;postoperative recovery;general anesthesia;subanesthetic dose;laparoscopic cholecystectomy0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “在中山市第二人民医院南区分院，研究者分析了161例美沙酮维持治疗患者成功戒断的影响因素，发现年龄、户籍地、第一次吸毒年龄、吸毒年限是独立影响因素，美沙酮末次服用剂量可能与成功戒断相关。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo explore the influencing factors for successful detoxification in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy.METHODSA retrospective selection of 161 methadone maintenance therapy patients from the South Branch of Zhongshan Second People’s Hospital （including methadone maintenance treatment sites in Shiqi District， Xiqu District， Development Zone of Zhongshan City） from January 1， 2012， to January 1， 2025， was conducted as the study object. Data collected included patients’ sociodemographic information， drug abuse history， laboratory test results， medication records， etc. Patients were divided into the unsuccessful detoxification group and the successful detoxification group based on whether methadone detoxification was achieved. Univariate， univariate Cox regression， and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were used for influencing factor analysis， and the Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis.RESULTSAmong the 161 methadone maintenance therapy patients， 96 were in the successful detoxification group and 65 in the unsuccessful detoxification group， yielding a successful detoxification rate of 59.63%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that age， registered residence status， age at first drug use， and duration of drug abuse were key influencing factors for successful detoxification in methadone maintenance therapy patients （P＜0.05）. Specifically， the successful detoxification rate for patients with Zhongshan local registered residence was 8.364 times higher than that for patients with non-local registered residence； for every 1-year increase in patient age， the successful detoxification rate decreased by 22.7%； for every 1-year increase in age at first drug use， the successful detoxification rate rose by 33.4%； and for every 1-year increase in duration of drug abuse， the successful detoxification rate increased by 33.5%. Survival analysis showed that the successful detoxification rate in the methadone low-dose group （≤30.8 mg） was significantly higher than that in the methadone high-dose group （＞30.8 mg） （P＝0.015）， and the successful detoxification rate in the population with Zhongshan local registered residence was significantly higher than that in those with non-local registered residence （P＜0.001）.CONCLUSIONSAge， registered residence status， age at first drug use， and duration of drug abuse are key influencing factors for successful detoxification in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy， and the last methadone dose may be associated with successful detoxification.关键词：methadone;opioids;detoxification;drug abuse;influencing factors0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究揭示伊奈利珠单抗不良事件信号，为临床安全用药提供参考。研究发现，伊奈利珠单抗可能引发B细胞恢复、椎体压缩骨折等潜在风险。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo mine and analyze adverse event signals associated with inebilizumab， and to provide reference for safe and rational clinical use.METHODSReports of adverse event related to inebilizumab were collected from the FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS） database， from Q2 2020 to Q4 2024. Adverse events were standardized and categorized according to the preferred term （PT） and system organ class （SOC） of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities （MedDRA） version 26.0. Signals were mined using the reporting odds ratio （ROR） method and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network （BCPNN） method.RESULTSA total of 783 adverse event reports with inebilizumab as the primary suspected drug were identified， involving 297 patients. Most reports originated from the United States and Japan， with physicians being the primary reporters. Female patients outnumbered males， and the most common age group was 45-64 years. Using the ROR method and BCPNN method， a total of 29 valid adverse event signals were detected， involving 12 SOCs and comprising 225 adverse event reports. The five most frequently reported PTs were headache， nausea， fatigue， infectious pneumonia and arthralgia. The five PTs with the strongest signal intensity were： B-cell recovery， decreased blood immunoglobulin G， spinal compression fracture， COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Among the 29 valid signals for adverse event， 19 were not documented in the drug package inserts， involving 10 SOCs and comprising 107 adverse event reports. These encompassed nervous system disorders， general disorders and administration site conditions， eye disorders， among others.CONCLUSIONSInebilizumab treatment not only causes adverse events documented in the product information， such as infections， immunoglobulin reduction and infusion-related reactions but also leads to potential signals， including B-cell recovery， spinal compression fracture. When using this drug in clinical practice， the patient’s risk of infection and baseline immune status should be assessed， relevant indicators should be closely monitored， and targeted preventive measures should be considered when necessary.关键词：adverse events;FAERS database;neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “在高致吐性化疗相关性恶心呕吐预防领域，天津医科大学总医院肿瘤科专家构建了基于深度随机森林的预测模型，以肌酐清除率等为关键预测因子，为评估三联止吐方案的有效性提供解决方案。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo construct a predictive model for evaluating the efficacy of a triple antiemetic regimen （neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist+5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist+dexamethasone） for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy （HEC） based on interpretable deep learning algorithms.METHODSClinical data of cancer patients who received HEC and were treated with the standard triple antiemetic regimen in the oncology department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected retrospectively. Demographic， clinical and metabolism-related variables were integrated. After data pre-processing， two deep learning algorithms （deep random forest and dense neural network） and four machine learning algorithms （support vector machine， categorical boosting， random forest and decision tree） were used to build predictive models. Subsequently， model performance evaluation and model interpretability analysis were conducted.RESULTSAmong the six candidate models， the deep random forest model demonstrated the best predictive performance on the test set， with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.850， an accuracy of 0.911， a precision of 0.805， a recall of 0.783， an F1 score of 0.793， and a Brier score of 0.075. Interpretability analysis revealed that creatinine clearance rate （Ccr） was the key predictive factor， and low Ccr levels， female gender， younger age， highly emetogenic drugs （particularly cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens）， and anticipatory nausea and vomiting were positively correlated with the risk of HEC-related nausea and vomiting.CONCLUSIONSThe deep random forest model exhibits the best performance in predicting the efficacy of triple antiemetic regimen for preventing HEC-related nausea and vomiting. The key predictors in this model primarily include Ccr， anticipatory nausea and vomiting， gender， age， and highly emetogenic drugs.关键词：chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting;neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “在药学领域，专家构建了低AI幻觉的智能问答平台，为医务人员提供可靠的用药决策支持。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo construct an intelligent pharmaceutical Q&A platform for precision medication with low “artificial intelligence （AI） hallucination”， aiming to enhance the accuracy， consistency， and traceability of medication consultations.METHODSMedication package inserts were batch-processed and converted into structured data through Python programming to build a local pharmaceutical knowledge base. The retrieval and question-answering processes were designed based on large language models， and system integration and localized deployment were completed on Dify platform. By designing typical clinical medication questions and comparing the output of the intelligent pharmaceutical Q&A platform with the online version of DeepSeek across dimensions such as peak time retrieval， half-life， and dosage adjustment reasoning for patients with renal impairment， the accuracy and reliability of its retrieval and reasoning results were evaluated.RESULTSThe intelligent pharmaceutical Q&A platform， constructed based on local drug package inserts， achieved 100% accuracy in retrieval and reasoning for peak time， half-life， and dosage adjustment schemes. In comparison， the online version of DeepSeek demonstrated accuracies of 30%（6/20）， 50%（10/20）， and 38%（23/60） across these three dimensions， respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe constructed intelligent pharmaceutical Q&A platform is capable of accurately retrieving and extracting information from the local knowledge base based on clinical inquiries， thereby avoiding the occurrence of AI hallucinations and providing reliable medication decision support for healthcare professionals.关键词：AI hallucination;large language models;DeepSeek;artificial intelligence0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究显示，白芍总苷联合西药治疗系统性红斑狼疮，能提高疗效，降低疾病活动性指数和复发率，安全性良好。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeonia （TGP） in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）.METHODSRandomized controlled trial （RCT） about TGP combined with western medicine versus western medicine alone for SLE treatment were retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data， and CBM. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to June 1， 2025. After literature screening， data extraction， and quality assessment of the included studies， Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.RESULTSFifteen RCTs， involving 1 318 patients， were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with western medicine alone， TGP combined with western medicine significantly improved clinical efficacy [OR＝4.96， 95%CI（3.41， 7.23）， P＜0.000 01]， complement 3 [MD＝0.18， 95%CI （0.13， 0.23）， P＜0.000 01] and complement 4[MD＝0.08， 95%CI （0.04， 0.11）， P＜0.000 01]， and reduced the levels of immunoglobulin G （IgG） [MD＝－3.10， 95%CI （－3.59， －2.62）， P＜0.000 01]， IgA [MD＝－0.68， 95%CI （－0.78， －0.58）， P＜0.000 01]， IgM [MD＝－0.43， 95%CI （－0.53， －0.34）， P＜0.000 01]， systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index （SLEDAI） [MD＝－1.59， 95%CI （－2.20， －0.99）， P＜0.000 01]， recurrence rate [OR＝0.23， 95%CI （0.13， 0.42）， P＜0.000 01] and the incidence of adverse drug reactions [OR＝0.54， 95%CI （0.36， 0.82）， P＝0.004].CONCLUSIONSTGP therapy can improve clinical efficacy of SLE patients， promote the restoration of immunoglobulins and complements， reduce SLEDAI and recurrence rate and has good safety.关键词：total glucosides of paeonia;meta-analysis;efficacy;safety0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究显示，免疫检查点抑制剂联合新辅助化疗显著提升早期三阴性乳腺癌患者生存期，但增加严重不良事件风险。”摘要：OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）.METHODSRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing ICIs combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy （experimental group） versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone （control group） were retrieved from PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and VIP databases， as well as relevant studies published at oncology academic conferences. The search period was from database inception to June 30， 2025. After literature screening， data extraction， and quality assessment， a meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software.RESULTSA total of 6 RCTs involving 3 786 patients were finally included. The meta-analysis results showed that the experimental group had superior event-free survival [HR＝0.73， 95%CI （0.62， 0.85）， P＜0.000 1]， overall survival [HR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.57， 0.84）， P＝0.000 3]， and pathological complete response （pCR） [OR＝1.57， 95%CI （1.37， 1.80）， P＜0.000 01] compared to the control group. The incidence of ≥grade 3 adverse event （AE）， severe AE （SAE）， and ≥grade 3 immune-related adverse event （irAE） in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of any AE or any irAE （P＞0.05）. Subgroup analysis revealed that， regardless of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression status （negative or positive）， the pCR in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Additionally， the pCR of the patients with positive lymph nodes in the experimental group was significantly higher to that in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in pCR between the two groups with negative lymph nodes （P＝0.09）.CONCLUSIONSICIs combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve event-free survival and overall survival in patients with TNBC， providing patients with long-term survival benefits. However， the risk of ≥ grade 3 AE， SAE and ≥ grade 3 irAE has increased.关键词：early triple-negative breast cancer;immune checkpoint inhibitor;PD-L1 inhibitor;PD-1 inhibitor;efficacy;safety0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “功能性便秘治疗新进展：中医药调控肠道菌群-胆汁酸轴平衡。”摘要：Functional constipation （FC） is a common functional disorder of the intestines， mainly characterized by reduced bowel movement frequency， difficulty in defecation， a sensation of incomplete evacuation， and hard stools， which severely affect patients’ quality of life. Research indicates that the pathogenesis of FC is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal bile acid secretion. Bile acids， as endogenous natural laxatives， promote bowel movements by enhancing colonic secretion and regulating intestinal motility； meanwhile， gut microbiota influence colonic transit function by regulating the enteric nervous system， immune system， and their metabolic products. Based on an overview of the relationship between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism， this article systematically reviews the current research status on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating FC by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. It is found that single Chinese medicinal herbs （such as Atractylodes macrocephala）， isolated compounds （such as Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides）， herbal formulas （such as Shanger huang pill）， acupuncture， and moxibustion can up-regulate the abundance of beneficial bacteria， reshape the microbial structure， correct bile acid metabolism， and activate the Takeda G-protein receptor 5/farnesoid X receptor pathway to treat FC.关键词：gut microbiota;bile acids;traditional Chinese medicine;monomer;compound;acupuncture and moxibustion0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “最新研究发现，中药活性成分及其复方制剂通过调控关键代谢通路，抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移并诱导凋亡，为乳腺癌治疗提供新思路。”摘要：Metabolic reprogramming， as one of the core hallmarks of malignant tumors， plays a key role in the occurrence， development and treatment of breast cancer （BC）. Abnormal changes in glucose metabolism， amino acid metabolism， lipid metabolism， as well as the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle and oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） pathways significantly influence the pathogenesis and progression of BC. Studies have shown that various active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） （such as berberine， matrine， quercetin， curcumin， etc.） and their compound formulations （e.g. Xihuang pill， Danzhi xiaoyao powder， Yanghe decoction， etc.） can inhibit the proliferation and migration of BC cells and induce apoptosis by regulating key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis， lipid synthesis， and amino acid metabolism. TCM demonstrates multi-target and holistic regulatory advantages in intervening in BC metabolic reprogramming， showing significant potential in modulating key molecules like hypoxia inducible factor-1α， hexokinase-2， pyruvate kinase M2， lactate dehydrogenase A， glucose transporter-1， fatty acid synthase， and signaling pathways such as AKT/mTOR. However， current researches still focus predominantly on glucose metabolism， with insufficient mechanistic studies on lipid metabolism， amino acid metabolism， the TCA cycle， and OXPHOS. The precise targets， molecular mechanisms， and clinical translation value of these interventions require further validation and clarification through more high-quality experimental studies and clinical trials.关键词：metabolic reprogramming;active components of traditional Chinese medicine;compound formulations of traditional Chinese medicine;glucose metabolism;amino acid metabolism;lipid metabolism0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
- “据最新研究，JNK信号通路在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等中枢神经系统疾病中发挥关键作用。研究发现，中药活性成分及复方通过调控JNK信号通路，可减轻神经炎症、氧化应激与细胞凋亡，改善突触功能与认知行为障碍，调节自噬，维护血脑屏障完整性，发挥神经保护作用。”摘要：The c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） signaling pathway， a key member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） family， plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system （CNS） diseases by regulating core biological processes such as apoptosis， inflammatory responses， synaptic plasticity， and autophagy. This article sorts out and analyzes relevant literature published domestically and internationally in recent years， summarizing the mechanisms of action of the JNK signaling pathway in common CNS diseases and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） interventions in CNS diseases through the regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. Studies have shown that active components of TCM， such as berberine， paeoniflorin， and astragaloside Ⅳ， as well as compound formulations like Heixiaoyao san， Ditan tang， and Buyang huanwu tang， can exert neuroprotective effects in various CNS disorders， including Alzheimer’s disease， Parkinson’s disease， cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， and epilepsy， by inhibiting the aberrant activation of the JNK signaling pathway， thereby alleviating neuroinflammation， oxidative stress， and neuronal apoptosis， while improving synaptic function and cognitive behavioral deficits， regulating autophagy， and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity.关键词：JNK signaling pathway;TCM monomers;TCM compound formulation;neuroprotection0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
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Research progress of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus AI导读
“在1型糖尿病治疗领域，非胰岛素类降糖药物的研究取得新进展，为患者临床获益提供新方案。”摘要：Traditional treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） primarily involves insulin replacement， yet some patients encounter issues such as significant blood glucose fluctuations， high risk of hypoglycemia， and weight gain. In recent years， the adjuvant therapeutic role of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in T1DM has gradually gained attention. This article reviews the mechanisms of action and clinical research progress of five types of non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs in the treatment of T1DM： amylin analogues （pramlintide）， biguanides （metformin）， sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor， dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor， and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. It is found that these drugs can enhance clinical benefits for T1DM patients by improving insulin sensitivity， delaying gastric emptying， promoting urinary glucose excretion， and regulating incretin levels， thereby reducing glycated hemoglobin levels， decreasing insulin dosage， and managing body weight. Simultaneously， these drugs also present limitations such as low patient compliance due to complex dosing regimens， increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis， and heterogeneity in glycemic control. Future research could focus on developing individualized treatment strategies， combining pharmacogenomics with novel biomarkers to precisely identify subpopulations of patients who may benefit， and delving into the potential value of these drugs in delaying diabetic vascular complications and improving patients’ quality of life.关键词：type 1 diabetes mellitus;pramlintide;metformin;sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor;dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor;glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24 - “在临床用药供给链中，静脉药物配置直接关系到药品和患者安全。专家提出了系统性防控策略，构建全链条公共卫生安全体系，保障患者用药安全。”摘要：Pharmacy intravenous admixture serves as a core link in the clinical medication supply chain. Its operational quality is directly related to drug safety and patient medication safety. This paper examines the challenges and measures for public health risk prevention and control in practical operational aspects of intravenous drug preparation， including prescription verification， drug compounding， drug management， and finished product distribution and traceability. Grounded in the “prevention-control-emergency response” full-chain management framework， it proposes systematic prevention and control strategies， including establishing a “public health-oriented” pharmacy intravenous admixture service management system， strengthening risk intervention measures throughout the entire process， improving risk monitoring and emergency response mechanisms， promoting technological empowerment， and refining pharmacist training and personnel qualification control mechanisms. These efforts aim to establish a comprehensive public health safety system that shifts from a “passive response” to an “active prevention and control” approach， thereby ensuring patient medication safety.关键词：public health risks;medication safety;risk identification0|0|0更新时间：2026-01-24
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