OBJEC TIVE To evaluate the efficiency of drug safet y supervision in China after issuing a series of new policies in 2018，and to provide the suggestions for optimizing the construction of drug safety supervision system in China and narrowing regional differences. METHODS The panel data of input-output indexes of 18 provinces in 7 administrative regions were collected from the official website of provincial drug regulatory departments ，the open platform of budget and final accounts and the official website of National Bureau of Statistics. Data envelopment analysis （DEA）model and Malmquist index were adopted to conduct an empirical analysis on the efficiency of drug safety supervision in China during 2019-2020. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS DEA analysis showed that during 2019-2020，the overall technical efficiency （TE）of drug safety supervision in China was lower than 1.000，which didn ’t meet effective DEA. Only Liaoning ，Guangdong and Guangxi had TE of 1.000，indicating significant differences in efficiency of drug safety supervision in different regions. The results of Malmquist index analysis showed that the overall efficiency of drug safety regulation in China was declining ，among which insufficient regulatory capacity supported by technology and large loss of professional personnel were the main factors ，and the improvement of drug regulatory departments ’ management and supervision level could ensure the improvement of overall regulatory efficiency. The current scale of drug supervision in nearly half of provinces （8/18）was close to the optimal state. It is necessary to strengthen the infrastructure construction and pay attention to the training of professional talents to optimize the drug regulatory team ；strengthen the innovation of supervision technology and improve the construction of technological support system ；rationally allocate regulatory resources and balance regional regulation according to local conditions to improve the construction of drug safety supervision system in China.