OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprints of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma from different origins， and identify the differential components qualitatively. METHODS： HPLC fingerprints of 30 batches of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma （20 batches of Rheum palmatum， 5 batches of Rheum tanguticum and 5 batches of Rheum officinale） were established and similarity evaluation was performed by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）. Qualitative identification of differential components of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma from 3 different origins were performed by using PLS-DA combined with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. RESULTS：The fingerprint similarities of 30 batches of samples were between 0.609 and 0.960. According to PLS-DA analysis， Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma were significantly aggregated into 3 groups according to the origin. There were 18 different components among 3 groups， which were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS as resveratrol-4′-O-β-D-（6″-O-gallacyl）-glucoside， lindleyin， rhein-8-O-glucoside， epicatechin gallate， 4-（4′-hydroxyphenyl）-2-butanone-4′-O-β-D-（2″-O-cinnamyl-6″-O-gallacyl）-glucoside. CONCLUSIONS： Established method can effectively identify Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma from 3 different origins， and the differential components can be distinguished， which provides a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of multi-source medicinal materials.