OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for optimizing the structure of family doctor team and improving rational drug use in primary medical institutions of China. METHODS： Combined with relevant literatures and author’s work experience， the situation of rational drug use in primary medical institution and the development of family doctors team were reviewed. The problems existing in the rational drug use service provided by family doctor team were analyzed to put forward relevant suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： There are some problems in primary medical institutions， such as blind selection or abuse of antibiotics， high frequency of injection use. Provinces and municipalities that implement the family doctor model in China have gradually formed five kinds of family doctor contract service modes， such as “1+1+1” contract service mode， “basic package+personality package” contract service mode. The existing family doctors team have problems in the development of rational drug use services， such as lack of pharmaceutical service personnel， low business ability， limited pharmacy knowledge of team members， and insufficient participation of pharmacists. A reasonable family doctor team should pay attention to the cultivation of pharmacy service pharmacists， strengthen pharmacy professional knowledge training of medical staff， and build a corresponding “pharmaceutical joint” platform by means of the medical association platform if necessary so as to promote rational drug use in primary medical institutions.