OBJECTIVE： To study lung tissue injury induced by long-term aerosol inhalation of 4 kinds of non-aerosol drugs in healthy SD rats， and to evaluate the safety of aerosol inhalation of non-aerosol drugs. METHODS： Totally 40 healthy SD rats （♂） were randomly divided into 8 group， i.e. blank control group， normal saline group （solvent control）， budesonide group （non-aerosol drug control， 0.1 g/L） ，silicon dioxide group （lung injury drug control， 40 g/L）and 4 kinds of non-aerosol drugs [Dingchuan decoction group （15 g/mL， calculated by crude drug）， cefatriaxone group （200 g/L）， Qingkailing group （stoste） and Tangreqing group （stoste）]， with 5 rats in each group. Except that blank control group didn’t received any treatment， other groups received aerosol inhalation， 10 mL， twice a day， for consecutive 56 days. After medication， the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood were counted and classified， and the number of white blood cells in bronchus alveolar lavage fluid were counted. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining and the number of dust cells was counted. The expression of leukocyte differentiation antigen 163 （CD163） in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS： The white blood cells in peripheral blood mainly included lymphocyte and neutrophil， of which lymphocyte is the main one. Compared with blank control group， there was no statistical significance in the number of white blood cells， lymphocyte or neutrophil in peripheral blood， the number of white blood cells in alveolar lavage fluid or the number of dust cells in lung tissue of rats in normal saline group （P＞0.05）； the structures of bronchus and lung tissue were intact， and the expression of CD163 was negative. Compared with normal saline group， there was no statistical significance in the above indexed of rats in budesonide group（P＞0.05）， the structures of bronchus and lung tissue were intact， and the expression of CD163 was negative， while the number of white blood cells， lymphocyte or neutrophil in peripheral blood， the number of white blood cells in alveolar lavage fluid or the number of dust cells in lung tissue of rats in other 5 groups were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）； alveolar wall thickening and alveolar interstitial edema occurred in different degrees in lung tissue. The expression of CD163 was positive or strongly positive. CONCLUSIONS： The long-term aerosol inhalation of 4 kinds of non-aerosol drugs can induce pathological changes of lung tissue and increase the number of inflammatory cell and dust cell in alveolin in healthy SD rats.