OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the treatment compliance and therapeutic effect of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in China. METHODS： The follow-up data was from the issue of Pharmacoeconomic Study of Diabetic Drugs in China， which was conducted by China Center for Health Economic Research （CCHER） of Peking University. Using follow-up endpoint HbA1c level as clinical output indicator， univariate analysis and multivariable regression analysis of binary and numerical variables were performed to evaluate the effect of treatment compliance on short-term clinical outcomes. RESULTS： Totally 2 236 community T2DM patients were included for the analysis. The patients with good and poor medication compliance accounted for 23.48％ and 76.52％； the patients with good and poor blood glucose monitoring compliance accounted for 7.02％ and 93.98％； 66.3％， 23.5％ and 10.2％ of the patients had good， medium and poor diet control compliance， respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the “good control” group of blood glucose and the “poor control” group of blood glucose in terms of patient age， body mass index， education level， duration of disease， exercise， and eating habits，etc （P＜0.05）. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of multiple Logistic regression and multivariate loglinear regression models， that is， blood glucose monitoring compliance and diet control compliance had significant positive effects on end-point HbA1c （P＜0.05）， but drug compliance had no significant effect （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The treatment compliance among community patients with T2DM in China was generally poor. After controlling for other variables， patients’ treatment compliance has a positive effect on end-point HbA1c， especially better blood glucose monitoring compliance and diet control compliance contribute to blood glucose control， but medication compliance has no significantly effect.