OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of Osteoking on body composition of osteoporosis （OP） and osteoporotic fracture （OPF） model tree shrews after menopause. METHODS： Fifty western Yunnan female tree shrews were randomly divided into normal control group （constant volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution）， OP model group （constant volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution）， OP medication group （3 mL/kg）， OPF model group （constant volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution）， and OPF medication group （3 mL/kg）， with 10 tree shrews in each group. OP model was induced by resecting bilateral ovaries and uterus. OPF model was induced by receiving tibial fracture of right hind limb. 180 d after inducing OP model/after inducing OPF model，those were given relevant medicine intragastrically， every 2 days， for consecutive 90 d. 90 d after inducing model， dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to detect body composition in the whole body and various parts of tree shrews. RESULTS： Compared with normal control group， the content of bone mineral salt and the percentage of muscle tissue in the whole body of tree shrews （including head，excluding head） decreased significantly in OP model group， while the percent of adipose tissue were increased significantly； bone area of vertebrae， lumbar vertebrae， lumbosacral， pelvis was increased significantly， the percentage of muscle tissue decreased significantly， while the percent age of adipose tissue were increased significantly； the percentage of muscle tissue in left pelvis and right pelvis decreased significantly， while the percentage of adipose tissue were incresed significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with OP model group， the percent age of adipose tissue in the whole body of tree shrews （including head） decreased significantly in OP medication group； the content of bone mineral salt in the whole body of tree shrews （excluding head） increased significantly， while the percent age of adipose tissue were decreased significantly； bone area of vertebrae， lumbar vertebrae， lumbosacral， pelvis was decreased significantly， the percentage of muscle tissue increased significantly， while the percent age of adipose tissue were decreased significantly； the percentage of muscle tissue in left pelvis and right pelvis increased significantly in OP medication group，while the percent age of adipose tissue were decreased significantly，with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with normal control group， the content of bone mineral salt in the whole body of tree shrews （including head，excluding head），vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae decreased significantly in OPF model group，while the percent age of adipose tissue were increased significantly； the content of bone salt and the percentage of muscle tissue in pelvis decreased significantly， while the percent age of adipose tissue were increased significantly； the percent age of adipose tissue in lumbosacral，left pelvis and right pelvis increased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with OPF model group， the percent age of adipose tissue in the whole body of tree shrews （including head，excluding head）， vertebrae and pelvis increased significantly in OPF medication group，while the percent age of adipose tissue were increased significantly； the percent age of adipose tissue in lumbar vertebra， lumbosacral， left pelvis and right pelvis decreased significantly，with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Osteoking can improve body composition of OP or OPF model tree shrews.