OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for scientific introduction and standard cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza. METHODS： By reviewing global biodiversity information network database， etc.， based on field research， 697 S. miltiorrhiza sample sites were collected from wild distribution area， main production area and historical distribution area recorded in literature. Spearman coefficient method was used for correlation test of 35 ecological factors. MaxEnt prediction model was established according to literature screening ecological factor index，and using the ROC curve in the Jackknife method to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. According to the model， existence probability of S. miltiorrhiza globally was calculated. ArcGIS 10.3 software was used to draw global potential ecological suitable areas of S. miltiorrhiza. RESULTS： Totally 6 environment factor indexes were screened， including mean annual temperature， mean temperature of the hottest season， mean temperature of the coldest season， annual precipitation， annual sunshine and annual relative humidity. Jackknife method showed temperature was an important environmental factor affecting the distribution of S. miltiorrhiza. The potential ecological suitable areas of S. miltiorrhiza were mainly in the eastern Asia and central and easten of North America， and ecological suitable areas for S. miltiorrhiza was 79.16×105 km2. At the global level， S. miltiorrhiza mainly distributed in China， the United States， Russia， Japan， South Korea， North Korea， etc. The potential ecological suitable areas in China mainly included Hunan， Hubei， Henan， Jiangxi， Shandong， etc. CONCLUSIONS： The potential ecological suitable areas for S. miltiorrhiza are mainly in the eastern Asia and central and easten of North America. In the process of introduction and cultivation， great attention should be attached to the selection of planting base and the regulation of the growth temperature of S. miltiorrhiza， so as to promote the production of high quality S. miltiorrhiza.