OBJECTIVE： To investigate the necessity of postoperative prophylactic application of antibiotics in patients undergoing third and forth-level laparoscopic cleaning surgery in urinary surgery department. METHODS： Totally 264 patients undergoing third and forth-level laparoscopic cleaning surgery were selected from urinary surgery department of our hospital during Jan. 2016-Dec. 2017. All patients were divided into ≤24 h group （40 cases） and ＞24 h group （224 cases） according to whether the preventive medication time was more than 24 h. According to the types of antibiotics for postoperative use， those were divided into non-prevention group （36 cases）， first-generation cephalosporin group （102 cases）， cephalomycin group （93 cases） and third-generation cephalosporin group （33 cases）. The postoperative fever and postoperative incision infection of all patients， postoperative fever， postoperative hospitalization time and total antibiotics cost per capita of different groups were all observed. RESULTS： Among 264 patients， there were 43 cases of postoperative fever ≥38.0 ℃， among which there were 8 cases of postoperative fever ≥38.5 ℃. The postoperative fever occurred within 72 h， among which 34 fever cases occurred within 24 h and 42 cases within 48 h. There were 9 cases of 2 d persistent fever. One case suffered from incision infection after operation. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of postoperative fever or postoperative hospitalization time between 2 groups which were grouped according to the time of prophylactic drug use more than 24 h or not （P＞0.05）. Total cost per capita of antibiotics in ≤24 h group was significantly lower than ＞24 h group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of postoperative fever or hospitalization time among 4 groups which were divided according to the type of antiboitics for prophylactic use （P＞0.05）. Total cost per capita of antibiotics in first-generation cephalosporin group， cephalomycin group and third-generation cephalosporin group were significantly higher than non-prevention group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： There are obvious problems in prophylactic application of antibiotics in cleaning surgery of urinary surgery department in our hospital， mainly manifesting as longer duration of prevention and unsuitable use of higher level of antibiotics after surgerg； it will not only reduce the incidence of postoperative fever and postoperative hospitalization time， but also increase the total cost of antibiotics use. Therefore， prophylactic application of antibiotics is not necessary for patients with third and forth-level laparoscopic cleaning surgery in urinary surgery department.