OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for guaranteeing safety and rationality of pediatric medication. METHODS： Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate and analyze the cognition， attitude and behavior of parents on pediatric medication safety in urban area of Fujian province.  RESULTS： Totally 1 405 questionnaires were sent out， and 1 326 were effectively received with effective rate of 94.38％. The education level of the respondents was high， and the respondents with college degree or above accounted for 57.92％. The total monthly income was also high， the respondents with monthly income of 4 000 yuan or above accounted for 61.61％. The correct answer rates of the respondents about pediatric medication safety was above 55％，but the lowest correct rate of 3 questions was only 13.73％， 14.25％ and 23.83％， respectively. The average score of cognition was （13.92±2.80）. The scores of low educational background， low monthly income and farmers were relatively low （P＜0.01）. 97.06％ of the respondents had trouble or difficulty in giving children drugs； the frequency of choice for children who didn’t cooperate with medication due to the taste or dosage was 29.83％；14.58％ of the respondents didn’t know the accurate dosage； 12.13％ lacked of pediatric medication guide. 11.37％of the respondents thought that there was no drug for child specific use or not enough child-specific varieties；when children suffered from common diseases， the majority of respondents would choose municipal level or above hospitals and community health service，accounting for 49.55％ and 15.46％.  85.22％ of respondents had the experience of giving drug to their children by themselves. As to medication information，10.94％ of respondents hold that “wanted to know but did not have the channel” and 47.66％ “would read when had opportunity”. 40.05％ of the respondents sometimes took the initiative to consult doctor or pharmacist about pediatric medication attention， but 19.60％ of respondents took little or no initiative to that. For main sources of the respondents accessing to pediatric medication guidance， the frequency of choosing doctors was 65.53％， and that of choosing pharmacists was 20.31％. 61.09％ of respondents wanted to get the medication education from doctors，while 19.76％ from pharmacist.  Information on pediatric medication information when the respondents visited doctors and purchased drugs were also relatively simple， and were mainly about the usage and dosage. CONCLUSIONS： At present， it is common for parents to give drug to children by themselves in Fujian province. But the cognition， attitude and behavior on medication safety of children still remain to be improved. There are shortcomings in the publicity and education of knowledge and information， and the pediatric pharmaceutical care functions of pharmacists have not been fully embodied. At the same time， the development and production of children specific drugs need to be strengthened， and the information about pediatric medication in drug instructions should be standardized and improved.