OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for confirming the protective effect of the establishment of PIVAS on antineoplastic drugs （ADs） occupational exposure to nursing staff in clinical departments， and to provide the basis for the formulation of ADs dispensing guideline and occupational exposure protection regulations. METHODS： By questionnaire survey and deriving data of lab examination index， the occurrence of abnormal menstruation， bad birth outcome， alopecia， blood toxicity， liver and renal toxicity in nursing staff of clinical departments with different ADs contact frequencies （non-exposure group as group A， low-exposure group as group B， high-exposure group as group C） were investigated and analyzed in our hospital before and after the establishment of PIVAS. The residual of ADs [methotrexate（MTX）and 5-Fluorouracil（5-FU）] in PIVAS environment were investigated by HPLC. RESULTS： A total of 160 questionnaires were sent out before the establishment of PIVAS， and 151 were effectively collected with effective recovery of 94.38％. After the establishment of PIVAS， 150 questionnaires were sent out， and 144 were effectively collected with effective recovery of 96.00％. Questionnaire results showed that the incidence of abnormal menstruation， abnormal menstruation period， dysmenorrhea， spontaneous abortion， infertility and offspring low birth weight， the severity of hair loss in group C were significantly higher than group A， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The incidence of above 6 conditions in group C were 5.14， 6.10， 3.81， 4.04， 6.15， 8.08 times higher than in group A. At same time， the incidence of the offspring low birth weight and the severity of hair loss in group B were significantly higher than group A， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the incidence of the former in group B was 6.21 times higher than in group A. After the establishment of PIVAS， the incidence of abnormal menstruation， abnormal menstruation period， dysmenorrhea， spontaneous abortion， infertility and offspring low birth weight， the severity of hair loss were decreased significantly in group C， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The severity of hair loss in group C was significantly higher than group A， and there was no statistical significance in above indexes， compared with group A （P＞0.05）. At the same time， there was no statistical significance in the incidence of the offspring low birth weight and the severity of hair loss between group B and A （P＞0.05）. Results of lab examination index investigation showed that before the establishment of PIVAS， WBC and PLT of group C were significantly lower than group A， and the incidence of abnormal liver function was significantly higher than group A， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After the establishment PIVAS， WBC， PLT and RBC of group C， and PLT of group B were increased significantly compared to before the establishment PIVAS； the incidence of abnormal liver function in group C was decreased significantly compared to before the establishment PIVAS， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no statistical significance in above indexes between group C and A （P＞0.05）， and PLT of group B was even significantly higher than  group A （P＜0.05）. Results of investigation of ADs residues in PIVAS environment showed that there were different degrees of MTX and 5-FU residue on the surface of different objects. The residues of ADs from high to low were biological safety cabinet worktops， the floor just below biological safety cabinet， transfer box， transfer window and door handle and infusion bags. CONCLUSIONS： Nursing staff of clinical department with high ADs contact frequency face higher relevant health risks. The establishment of PIVAS can effectively protect the ADs occupational exposure of nursing staff in clinical departments， thereby reducing the above risks. At the same time， there are still different degrees of ADs residues on the surface of different objects in the PIVAS environment， and transshipment out of PIVAS is possible. It is suggested that the awareness of protection against occupational exposure risk caused by ADs residues in PIVAS environment should be improved； unified guideline for ADs dispensing and occupational exposure protection regulations should be formulated as soon as possible， so as to reduce occupational exposure risk associated with ADs for nursing staff in PIVAS and clinical departments.