OBJECTIVE： To investigate therapeutic efficacy of Goserelin acetate sustained-release implants combined with bicalutamide in the treatment of elderly（≥70 years old） prostate cancer patients， and its effects on cognitive function and short-term survival rate. METHODS： A total of 56 prostate cancer patients treated in our hospital from Nov. 2014 to Nov. 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table， with 28 cases in each group. Observation group was given maximal androgen blokage （MAB） treatment which was Goserelin acetate sustained-release implant （subcutaneous injection of abdominal wall， 3.6 mg/ times， once） combined with Bicalutamide tablet （orally， 50 mg/times， qd）.  Control group received surgical castration， and then was given docetaxel （intravenous dripping on 1st day） combined with Prednisone acetate tablets （1st-21st day， orally， 5 mg/time，bid） after surgery for adjuvant therapy. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 3 weeks， and all patients were followed up for 12 months. Clinical efficacy， Montreal cognitive function assessment table （MoCA） score， serum prostate specific antigen （PSA） levels and 12-month survival rate were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS： The total response rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in MoCA score and serum PSA levels between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， MoCA scores of 2 groups were decreased significantly， and the observation group was higher than the control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. 6 and 12 months after treatment， serum PSA levels of 2 groups were decreased significantly， and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）； 12-month survival rate of observation group （92.86％） was significantly higher than that of control group （64.29％）， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Nonsteroidal anti-androgen drugs show significant therapeutic efficacy for elderly prostate cancer， reduce cognitive function damage， improve serum PSA levels， therapeutic efficacy and short-term survival rate.