OBJECTIVE： To analyze the current status and problems of medicine purchase and distribution of county， township public medical institutions in Hubei province， and to propose targeted policy recommendations. METHODS： By stratified typical sampling， medicine data of 3 county medical institutions and 40 township medical institutions in 3 counties of Hubei province were collected from medicine bidding and purchasing platform of county health and family planning bureau and hospital information system （HIS）. Medicine purchase and distribution， distribution rate， purchase and distribution of essential medicine， Chinese patent medicine and injection， general information of top 10 medicines in the list of purchase amount were analyzed in different levels of medical institutions. RESULTS： The medicine purchase and distribution amount of the township medical institutions were lower than those of county medical institutions， but the total amount and distribution rate were higher than county medical institutions. The purchase amount of essential medicine accounted for nearly 3/4 of the total amount （90.6％ of the township medical institutions， and 48.4％ of the county medical institutions）； the purchase amount of Chinese patent medicine accounted for about 1/4 of the total amount （35.4％ of the township medical institutions， 15.4％ of the county medical institutions）； purchase amount of injection accounted for nearly half （34.6％ of the township medical institutions， and 59.3％ of the county medical institutions）. The distribution rates of essential medicine， Chinese patent medicine and injection were 93.0％， 93.3％， and 93.2％ in township medical institutions， and 81.8％， 78.6％ and 79.6％ in county medical institutions， respectively. The rate of medicine distribution of township medical institutions was higher than that of the county medical institutions. The top 10 medicines in the list of purchase amount included 6 kinds of antibiotics， and the top 5 medicines included 2 kinds of injection. CONCLUSIONS： The policy of essential medicine purchase is well implemented in Hubei province， and purchase rate of essential medicine meet the policy requirements （40％-50％）； but the proportion of injection purchase can partly reflect the high usage of injection， which may indicate the abuse of injection， and Chinese patent medicine has become an integral part of medicine purchase. Moreover， medicines still have the status of distribution untimely， and medicine distribution of the township medical institutions is better than that of county medical institutions.