OBJECTIVE： To discuss the effects of single dose of cisplatin on renal interstitial fibrosis indicators in rats dynamically. METHODS： 72 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and cisplatin group， with 36 rats in each group. Normal group and cisplatin group were given equal volume of normal saline and cisplatin 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the first day， respectively. Each 6 rats were sacrificed on 8th， 14th， 30th， 50th， 60th， 90th day. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr） were determined， and the degree of renal tubulointerstitial injury and relative area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis were evaluated. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type I collagen （Col Ⅰ） and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） were determined in renal tissue. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， the serum levels of BUN and Cr， renal tubulointerstitial injury indexes， relative area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis， and the expression of α-SMA， Col Ⅰ and TGF-β1 in renal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In cisplatin group， within the 8th-90th days， serum level of BUN in rats had no significant change； serum level of Cr， renal tubulointerstitial injury indexes， renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis， the expression of α-SMA， Col Ⅰ and TGF-β1 in renal tissue increased first and then decreased. CONCLUSIONS： A single dose of clinical dose of cisplatin can induce renal interstitial fibrosis in rats， and its mechanism may be related to the expression of TGF-β1 in renal tissue.