OBJECTIVE： To investigate the feasibility of molecule identication of Saiga tatarica and its adulterants by using cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ （COⅠ） gene. METHODS：A total of 7 horns and incomplete horns were collected from 4 areas.The extraction effect of DNA from bone plug and stratum corneum were investigated； PCR technology was used to amplify COⅠ gene of samples using universal primer LCOⅠ490， HCO2198； after gel electrophoresis， purification （750 bp strip） and sequencing， using COⅠ gene as barcode alignment sequence， online comparison was conducted by using Blast software of NCBI database to determine specific species. RESULTS：The extraction of DNA from stratum corneum was better （DNA concentration was 15.7-22.6  ng/μL， the absorbance of 260 nm/280 nm was 1.73-4.72）. Online comparison showed that the similarity of COⅠ gene in all samples reached 99％， mainly from the horns of saiga antelope， Tibetan antelope， gazelle， sheep and goats. CONCLUSIONS： DNA barcode technology based on COⅠ gene can be used for the identification of S. tatarica and its adulterants. The technology can provide an accurate and objective method for the identification of horn medicinal materials.