OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the economics of pharmaceutical care for pediatric inpatients provided by pediatric clinical pharmacists. METHODS： The cost-benefit analysis method was adopted. Randomized controlled trial data about pediatric clinical pharmacists intervening in drug treatment of pediatric inpatients were collected. The research objects were 0-18 years old children who were hospitalized for respiratory system disease， nervous system disease and digestive system disease in a hospital. Trial group additionally received pharmaceutical care provided by pediatric clinical pharmacists on the basis of routine medical service， and control group only received routine medical service. Cost indexes were clinical pharmaceutical care cost， and benefit indexes were the decrease of hospitalization cost and drug cost. Benefit-cost ratio was calculated in 2 groups， and sensitivity analysis was also conducted. RESULTS： Compared with control group， hospitalization cost and drug cost of trial group decreased by 30.0％ and 33.7％； clinical pharmaceutical care cost was 184.1 yuan/person； benefit-cost ratio were 9.45 and 4.61 （both higher than 1）， with economics. The results of cost-benefit analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS： The pediatric clinical pharmacists providing pharmaceutical care for pediatric inpatients shows active economic effects.