OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for rational use of Clindamycin hydrochloride injection. METHODS： The utilization of Clindamycin hydrochloride injection in orthopedic inpatients of a third grade class A general hospital during 2013-2015 was analyzed and investigated retrospectively. The rationality evaluation standard was formulated to evaluate the rationality of drug use in those patients. RESULTS： A total of 189 orthopedic inpatients received Clindamycin hydrochloride injection， and there were 152 cases of irrational drug use among which there were 16 cases of irrational therapeutic drug use and 136 cases of irrational prophylactic drug use. Irrational drug use mainly included irrational usage and dosage （86.18％）， irrational drug selection （44.74％） and irrational drug replacement （15.79％）. Two patients suffered from ADE， i.e. rash and nausea. After drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment， the symptoms were improved， but irrational drug use was found in one case. CONCLUSIONS： The utilization of Clindamycin hydrochloride injection is irrational in orthopedic department. It is necessary to further standardize medication behavior and guarantee the safety and effectiveness of drug use.