OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of lanthanum carbonate on calcium and phosphate metabolism in maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients with high calcium and high phosphorus. METHODS： A total of 40 MHD patients with high calcium and high phosphorus in our hospital during May 2014-May 2015 were divided into control group （22 cases） and observation group （18 cases） according to therapy plan. Both groups received diet guidance and MHD treatment. Control group was given Hydrotalcite chewable tablets 1 g， during meal， tid. Observation group was additionally given Lanthanum carbonate chewable tablets 500 mg（for patients with blood phosphorus ≥2.26 mmol/L） or 250 mg （for patients with blood phosphorus ＜2.26 mmol/L）， during meal， tid （adjusting after 4 weeks）. Both groups received treatment for 3 months. The calcium and phosphorus metabolism indexes [blood calcium， blood phosphorus， calcium and phosphorus product， immunoreactive parathyroid hormone （iPTH） and alkaline phosphatase] and phosphorus reducing efficacies were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment， and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS： Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism indexes between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， there was no statistical significance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism indexes of control group， iPTH or alkaline phosphatase of observation group compared to before treatment （P＞0.05）； blood calcium， blood phosphorus， calcium and phosphorus product of observation group were significantly lower than before treatment and also lower than control group at corresponding time， with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. Total response rate of phosphorus reducing in observation group （88.89％） was significantly higher than control group （40.91％）， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between observation group （11.11％） and control group （4.55％） （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The lanthanum carbonate can effectively decrease blood calcium and blood phosphorus levels in MHD patients with good safety.