OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Shenfu injection （SFI） on the expression profile of myocardial miRNA in rats with chronic congestive heart failure （referring to heart failure）. METHODS： 40 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline， ip）， model group （normal saline， ip）， valsartan group （positive control， 10 mg/kg， ig） and SFI group （0.75 mL/kg， im）， 10 in each group. Except for sham operation group， another groups were reduced heart failure. After modeling， rats in other groups received related medicines， once a day. Affymetrix miRNA V4.0 chip technology was conducted to analyze the miRNA expression in myocardial tissue of rats with heart failure after administration for 28 d， and screen the miRNA on common differential expression in myocardial tissue of rats in each group. The miRNA associated with heart failure was analyzed by threshold of differential gene expression multiple value greater than or equal to 1.1. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis was used to analyze functional classification and biological signaling pathway of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS： There were totally 29 miRNAs on common differential expression and 7 miRNAs associated with heart failure （rno-miR-30c-1-3p， rno-miR-125b-5p， rno-miR-133a-5p， rno-miR-199a-5p， rno-miR-221-3p， rno-miR-146a-5p and rno-miR-1-3p）. SFI can significantly downregulate the expressions of rno-miR-125b-5p， rno-miR-133a-5p， rno-miR-221-3p， rno-miR-1-3p in myocardial tissue of rats （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Results of GO analysis showed， miRNAs on differential expression were mainly related to signal transduction， cytoplasm and nucleotide binding. CONCLUSIONS： SFI plays the role of anti-heart failure by participating in the downregulation of miRNAs associated with heart failure process and then affecting related signal pathways transduction after the combination of cytoplasm and nucleotide.