OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for further promoting the implementation of “separation of prescribing and dispensing” policy which fit China’s national conditions. METHODS： Based on literature review， informant interview， and filed investigation the development of “separation of prescribing and dispensing” were compared between typical eastern and western countries. Constraints of “separation of prescribing and dispensing” in China were explored， international successful experiences were summarized to inspire appropriate implementation of this policy in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： There are four constraints in the implementation of “separation of prescribing and dispensing” in China. Firstly， the legal foundation is yet established for the professional development of pharmacists. Secondly， the medicine pricing and hospital financing systems are unreasonable. Thirdly， patients’ ownership of prescriptions and right of dispensing options are monopolized by hospitals. Fourthly， safety of medicines use is yet ensured. “Separation of prescribing and dispensing” should follow the rules of social and economic development and should be adjusted to adapt local conditions. “Separation of prescribing and dispensing” policy itself may not help to achieve the objectives of cost containment and rational use of medicines. To achieve the intended objectives， legislation of Pharmacist Law should also be accelerated to clearly define the role of pharmacist and guide the behavior of prescribers with economic levers.