OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of Compound Ligusticum chuanxiong drop pill on hemorheology and blood gas in model rats with diabetic nephropathy（DN）. METHODS：60 rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， positive control group [Irbesartan tablet， 0.013 g/（kg·d）] and Compound L. chuanxiong drop pill high-dose，medium-dose， low- dose groups [0.4，0.2，0.1 g/（kg·d）]，10 in each group. Except for normal control group， rats in other groups were given high-sugar high-fat feed and intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin to reduce DN model. After 7 d modeling，rats in each group received related drugs intragastrically， once a day，10 mL/kg； normal control group and model group received equal volume of purified water intragastrically. After 64 d， hemorheology indicators [whole blood viscosity（high-shear，medium-shear and low-shear）， plasma viscosity，whole blood reduced viscosity] and blood gas indicators（carbon dioxide partial pressure，oxygen partial pressure， hemoglobin content， oxygen saturation， ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total protein） of rats were determined， hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in kidney tissue. RESULTS：Compared with normal control group，hemorheology indicators and carbon dioxide partial pressure in model group were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， oxygen partial pressure，hemoglobin content， oxygen saturation， ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， with severe kidney damage. Compared with model group， except the improvement of carbon dioxide partial pressure，oxygen partial pressure， hemoglobin content in rats were not significant in Compound L. chuanxiong drop pill low-dose group，the above-mentioned indicators in other medicine groups were significantly improved（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the kidney tissue damage was improved to varying degree. CONCLUSIONS：Compound L. chuanxiong drop pill can significantly improve the hemorheology indicators of DN model rats，reduce blood viscosity，improve microcirculation and capacity of the blood to transport oxygen， and has certain improvement effect on kidney tissue morphology of DN rats.