OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of rAd-p53 injection on the proliferation， apoptosis and autophagy of nephroblastoma cells. METHODS： Nephroblastoma cells were respectively cultured 20 h with high， medium， low concentration （1×109， 1×108， 1×107 VP/mL） of Recombinant human rAd-p53 injection， cells with no injection were the blank control. Cell proliferation， cycle， apoptosis and related gene p21， Bax protein expressions were detected， and autophagy gene LC-3， Atg7， Atg12 expressions and number of autophagosomes were also detected. RESULTS： The proliferation inhibition rates of high， medium， low concentration of Recombinant human rAd-p53 injection to nephroblastoma cells were （42.86±3.18）％， （33.64±7.25）％， （16.26±9.07）％； apoptotic rates were （53.85±9.36）％， （37.35±9.64）％， （23.64±10.65）％， respectively. Compared with blank control， cells at period G0/G1 were increased under high， medium， low concentration Recombinant human rAd-p53 injection， effects were relatively obvious under high， medium concentration （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； p21， Bax protein and LC-3， Atg7， Atg12 gene expressions were enhanced under high concentration， the number of autophagosomes was increased （P＜0.01）； Bax protein expression was enhanced under medium concentration （P＜0.05）， the other indicators had no obvious changed （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Recombinant human rAd-p53 injection can inhibit the cell proliferation of nephroblastoma， and induce its apoptosis and autophagy.