OBJECTIVE： To promote effective supervision of key monitoring drugs by provincial pharmaceutical quality control center， and to improve rational drug use. METHODS： The effects of No.2 district of Sichuan province pharmaceutical quality control center on 3 categories of key monitoring drugs guidance and supervision， through urging medical institution in the area to establish key monitoring drugs supervision system， formulating prescription review guideline for 3 categories of key monitoring drugs [TCM injection， adjunctive drug， proton pump inhibitors （PPIs）]， developing baseline data survey， inspecting the application of key monitoring drug in medical instaurations on the spot and other measures， were introduced. Through collecting the reports of regional quality control center to the provincial quality control center， supervision system of medical institutions were analyzed statistically. Key monitoring drugs of medical institutions in the area were analyzed statistically in respects of rational utilization ratio， utilization quantity， utilization amount， etc.， so as to evaluate supervision effects. RESULTS： Up to Apr. 2016， 92.26％ medical institutions had been aware of the relevant requirements of the documents； 84.25％ had established the hospital supervision system. 3 categories of key monitoring drugs prescription （orders） comment guideline had been developed in Mar. 2016. 18 third-grade class- A general medical institutions were randomly selected； among 3 categories， irrational utilization ratio of TCM injection decreased by 12.35％ （35.41％ vs. 47.76％）； that of adjunctive drugs decreased by 9.64％ （20.95％ vs. 30.59％）； that of PPIs decreased by 7.44％ （40.49％ vs. 47.93％） in May 2016， compare to Jan. 2016. Average consumption sum of them decreased by 12.07％， 13.30％， 9.49％， respectively in Apr. 2016， compared to Jan. 2016. 55.02％ medical institutions had started to collect the baseline data. CONCLUSIONS： The provincial pharmaceutical quality control center has played an important role on establishing a supervision system， it can promote the effective supervision by guiding and supervising the medical institutions evaluating the supervision of medical institutions and pointing out the problems.