OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect and mechanism of the social responsibility of pharmaceutical enterprises on organizational commitment and employee performance， and to provide reference for promoting the pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility. METHODS： Referring to the relevant literature， questionnaire was designed to investigate the 15 pharmaceutical enterprises in 13 provinces （cities）， “pharmaceutical corporate social responsibility-organizational commitment-employee performance” relationship theoretical model was constructed based on the social exchange theory， correlation analysis， regression analysis and mediation effect test method were combined with the data for the empirical research. RESULTS： Totally 150 questionnaires were sent out， 121 were effectively received with effective recovery of 80.67％， and the reliability and validity of the designed questionnaires were good. The analysis results showed that all the hypotheses can be supported in the theoretical model except for the hypothesis H2-2 and H1-2. Among them， the pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill their responsibility and responsibility to the development of the industry had a positive effect on employees’ task performance and relationship performance （significance level 0.05 or 0.01）； pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill their responsibility and responsibility to the development of the industry had a positive effect on organizational commitment （significance level 0.01 or 0.1）； organizational commitment had positive effect on employees’ task performance and relationship performance （significant level 0.01）； and organizational commitment played partial mediating effect between the pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill social responsibility and employee performance. CONCLUSIONS： Pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility can directly promote the improvement of employee performance， and it also promotes employee performance indirectly through employee organizational commitment.