OBJECTIVE： To analyze the influential factors for blood concentration of vancomycin in neonates， and to provide reference for clinical medication. METHODS： In retrospective study， 114 cases of blood concentration monitoring of vancomycin were collected from neonatal department of our hospital during Jul. 1st 2014 to Jun. 30th 2015， and general information were recorded； the influential factors for blood concentration of vancomycin were analyzed by multiple factors linear regression analysis. RESULTS： The blood concentrations of vancomycin in 114 neonates were 2-39 μg/ml， and average blood concentration was （13.24±8.66） μg/ml. The blood concentrations of 43 cases were within effective range （10-20 μg/ml）， accounting for 37.72％. Premature （r＝0.264） and serum creatinine level （r＝0.289） of neonates were positively correlated with blood concentration （P＜0.05）， while birth weight （r＝－0.264） and body weight on monitoring day （r＝－0.236） were negatively correlated with blood concentration （P＜0.05）. The serum creatinine level （r＝0.304） of prematures was positively correlated with blood concentration （P＜0.05）， and gestational age （r＝－0.373）， correct gestational age （r＝－0.431） and body weight on monitoring day （r＝－0.263） were negatively correlated with blood concentration （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Premature， body weight， gestational age， serum creatinine level and other factors all influence the blood concentration of vancomycin. The influential factors should be considered when using vancomycin. Treatment plan should be adjusted according to the results of blood concentration and clinical symptom.