OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics during perioperative period of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE）. METHODS： After full evaluation of 1 cases of primary liver cancerpatient’s conditions， the optimal clinical evidences were retrieved and evaluated， which were related to antibiotics regimen during perioperative period of TACE. Using “hepatocellular carcinoma”“antibiotic prophylaxis”“hepatic cancer”“TACE” as subjects， the evidence were retrieved from Cochrane Library （issue 4， 2015）， Medline （1980 to 2015） and CJFD （1990 to 2015） and then evaluated. RESULTS： 1 meta-analysis or systematic review， 10 RCTs and 2 practice guidelines were identified. This patient didn’t need to use antibiotics to prevent infection according to literature analysis. CONCLUSIONS： The rational treatment plan according to evidence-based medicine methods for patients can not only promote the rational use of antibiotics， reduce bacterial drug resistence and treatment cost， but also guide both doctors and patients to take the indeterminate risk of medicine.