OBJECTIVE： To explore the influential factors for plasma concentration of paliperidone palmitate injection for patients with schizophrenia. METHODS： 37 schizophrenia patients who used Paliperidone palmitate injection and took plasma concentration monitoring in Wuxi Mental Health Center from Sept. 2012 to Jun. 2015 was selected， the results were statistically analyzed， and the influential factors were preliminary explored. RESULTS： Totally 37 times were conducted for the plasma concentration monitoring for paliperidone with the average plasma concentration of （17.72±13.46） ng/ml， and 24 times （accounting for 64.86％） in the range of （10-60 ng/ml）； the average plasma concentration of male patients was lower than that of female patients， the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）； there was no significant difference in the average plasma concentration among different ages （P＞0.05）； there was also no significant difference in plasma concentration/dose ratio in patients with different daily dose （P＞0.05）； the average plasma concentration of patients with combination treatment was higher than that of single drug， the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）； and there was no significant difference in the average plasma concentration of relieved patients and ineffective treatment patients （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The plasma concentration of paliperidone palmitate is affected by age， combination treatment and other factors， clinic can optimize the therapeutic regimen based on monitoring results of plasma concentration and patients’ symptoms to promote the rational drug use.