OBJECTIVE： To investigate the acid rebound in proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） and its influential factors. METHODS： Totally 109 patients who treated with PPIs for 1 month in our hospital during Jan. -Dec. 2015 were collected， and telephone visit was conducted after 1 week withdrawal to the data of dyspeptic symptoms were input and scored by modified Glasgow Dyspepsia Sererity Score， then divided into no phenomenon group （＜5 scores） and acid rebound in proton pump inhibitors group （≥5 scores）. All patients were classified by basic diseases， age， gender， whether smoking and alcohol drinking， and phenomenon of  acid rebound in PPIs were observed and analyzed. RESULTS： Totally 91 patients were observed， 49 were classified as acid rebound in PPIs group. χ2 test showed elderly patients （χ2＝5.350，P＝0.021） and people with smoking and alcohol drinking （χ2＝4.351，P＝0.037） were associated with the increased risk of acid rebound in PPIs； exclusion of the effects of  gender and basic disease， Logistic regression analysis showed the risk of acid rebound in PPIs in elderly patients were 5.708 times to non-elderly patients [OR＝5.708，95％CI（1.946，16.746），P＝0.002]； people with smoking and alcohol drinking was 15.281 times to non-smoking and alcohol drinking [OR＝15.281，95％CI（2.748，84.965），P＝0.002]， the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Parts of patients show acid rebound after stopping PPIs， while elderly patients and patients with smoking and alcohol drinking are the high-risk population， which should be paid attention to.