OBJECTIVE： To analyze the risk factors of adverse reaction in children induced by Azithromycin for injection. METHODS： Data and medication of 428 children used Azithromycin for injection were retrospectively collected， and logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse reactions that likely to occur. RESULTS： In the 428 children， 98 reported adverse reactions with incidence of 22.9％， among which， 53 showed gastrointestinal adverse reactions （12.4％）， 22 showed pain in injection site （5.1％）， 12 showed phlebitis （2.8％）， 4 showed pruritus （0.9％）， 2 showed rash （0.5％）， 3 showed liver function abnormalities （0.7％）， 1 showed thrombocytopenia （0.2％） and 1 showed drowsiness （0.2％）. According to adverse reactions diagnostic criteria， 24 were sure， 23 were very likely and 51 were possible. Logistic regression analysis showed younger age [OR＝0.811，95％ CI（0.754， 0.842），P＝0.000] and long duration [OR＝0.1.357， 95％ CI（1.212，1.519），P＝0.000] might the rick factors that caused adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS： Younger age and long duration are the possible rick factors that caused adverse reactions in children after intravenous administration of azithromycin， close observation and controlling duration should be noticed to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in children medication.