OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of ceftizoxime-induced hemolytic anemia by investigating the situation of ceftizoxime-induced hemolytic anemia. METHODS： Using Chinese and English “ceftizoxime”“hemolysis” and other words as key words， related literatures during 1986-2015 were retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang database and PubMed database. Those literatures were analyzed statistically in respects of general information， clinical drug use and manifestation， occurrence time and outcome， etc. The mechanisms of hemolytic anemia were analyzed to put forward prevention and treatment measures. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： A total of 11 literatures were retrieved， including 4 foreign literatures and 7 domestic ones. There were 15 cases in total， including 5 foreign cases and 10 domestic cases. According to the patient’s age， there were 7 cases of infants， 4 cases of the elderly， 3 cases of middle-aged people and 1 case of youth. The hemolytic anemia often occurred on the 2-7 day （8 cases）. Most of the patients were improved after treatment， but there were 3 patients who died. The mechanism of hemolytic anemia mainly included the production of immune complex and non-immunologic protein adsorption. It is suggested to investigate allergic reaction history， pay attention to sensitization test on skin， select suitable drug dosage and avoid drug combination. The patient’s medications should be monitored closely. Once hemolytic anemia occurs， it should be immediately stop using the drug and take appropriate measures as hormone treatment， comprehensive treatment， blood transfusion treatment， to avoid endangering the life safety of patients.