OBJECTIVE： To systematically review the effiectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in acute phase， and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS： Retrieved from CJFD， CBM， VIP， PubMed， Cochrane Library and EMBase， randomized controlled trials （RCT） about the effiectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride（test group） versus blank control or Midazolan（control group） in COPD in acute phase were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1 software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cochrone 5.1.0. RESULTS： Totally 6 RCT were enrolled， involving 285 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed， duration of mechanical ventilation [MD＝－1.52，95％CI（－2.05，－1.00），P＜0.001] and ICU residence time [MD＝－1.10，95％CI（－1.60，－0.60），P＜0.001] in test group were significantly shorten than control group， incidence of delirium was lower than control group [OR＝0.20，95％CI（0.09， 0.43），P＜0.001]， the difference was statistically significant； and there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular adverse reactions between 2 groups [MD＝0.85，95％CI（0.38，1.90），P＝0.70]. CONCLUSIONS：Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride can significantly reduce duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU residence time of COPD in acute phase，with good safety.