OBJECTIVE：To observe the efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation recombinant human interferon α1b in the treatment of bronchiolitis in children. METHODS： 60 children with bronchiolitis were randomly divided into low-dose group， high-dose group and control group. All children were given tracheal suctioning， phlegm dispersing and other symptomatic treatment. Based on it， low-dose group was given recombinant human interferon α1b 1-2 μg/（kg·times）， adding into 3 ml 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection， compression aerosol inhalation， twice a day； high-dose group was given recombinant human interferon α1b 3-4 μg/（kg·times）， adding into 3 ml 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection， compression aerosol inhalation， twice a day； control group was given ribavirin 10-15 mg/（kg·d）， adding into 5％ Glucose injection at ratio of 1 ∶ 1 by intravenous infusion， once a day. The treatment course for all groups was 5-7 d. Clinical efficacy， disappearance time of cough， respite， rale and three depressions， hospitalization time and incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS： Disappearance time of cough， respite， rale and three depressions and hospitalization time in high-dose group were significantly shorter than low-dose group and low-dose group shorter than control group， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Total effective rate in high-dose group was significantly higher than low-dose group and low-dose group higher than control group， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS： Based on conventional treatment， both efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation recombinant human interferon α1b in the treatment of bronchiolitis in children are good.