OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effect of insulin use intervention and self management of blood glucose in the treatment of cystic fibrosis related diabetes. METHODS：In prospective cohort study，during Apr. 2007-Apr. 2013，1 295 CFRD inpatients selected from 14 hospitals of Shanghai were randomly divided into trial group（743 cases）and control group（552 cases）. Control group maintained the dose of insulin，and trial group adjusted the dose of insulin every week and received patient education about self management of blood glucose. Blood glucose，blood lipid，quality of life，the ability of self management and other index were detected，recorded and compared between 2 groups 1 year after intervention. RESULTS：1 year after intervention，fasting blood glucose，postprandial 2 h blood glucose and HbA1c of trial group were significantly lower than those of control gorup，with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. The time of blood glucose reaching the standard，the dose of insulin，the number of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in trial group were all significantly shorter or lower than control group，with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the rate of standard blood glucose between trial group [93.5％（695/743）] and control group [59.6％（329/552）]. TG of trial group decreased while HDL increased，there was statistically significant difference between 2 groups（P＜0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the quality of life score between trial group（196.24±15.80）and control group（180.33±16.29）（P＜0.05）. The ability of self management in trial group was significantly higher than control group， with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Insulin use intervention and self management of blood glucose can control the level of blood glucose in CFRD patients，and improve the quality of life，medication compliance and therapeutic effect.