“Obesity, as a global chronic disease, is closely related to the pathogenesis of adipose tissue dysfunction. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism and has a significant impact on the occurrence and development of obesity. Numerous monomers and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine, such as flavonoids, lignans, phenols, terpenes, as well as compounds such as Xiaoyao San, Shengmai San, and Zexie Tang, can regulate the cAMP signaling pathway to maintain energy homeostasis, balance adipose tissue function, regulate glucose metabolism, improve insulin resistance, and inhibit inflammatory reactions, thereby intervening in lipid metabolism and achieving the effect of treating obesity. At present, although basic research has preliminarily revealed the potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervening in obesity through the cAMP signaling pathway, there are still shortcomings in clinical translational research, and there is an urgent need to conduct large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials to further verify its efficacy and safety.”