最新刊期
卷 31 ， 期 4 ， 2020
- 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To provid e reference for pharmaceutical workers to better understand Novel Coronavirus Infection ： Expert Consensus on Guidance and Prevention Strategies for Hospital Pharmacists and the Pharmacy Workforce （hereinafter referred to as “expert consensus ”），and to apply and practice in specific work ，so as to give full play to the role of pharmacists to help fight the epidemic.METHODS ：The background of the formulation and revision of the expert consensus were introduced ，and its main contents and viewpoints were interpreted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The text of expert consensus is divided into 8 parts，mainly including disease diagnosis and treatment [SARS-CoV- 2 infection related background ，clinical manifestations and diagnosis， treatment]，hospital pharmacy （prevention and control strategy ，work guidance ），drug and facility support management（key drug/facility/equipment support ，management and use of the drug in special circumstances ），information sources and related resources ，etc.，which comprehensively and detailedly provide information ，guidance and strategies for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control to play the role of pharmacists in hospital pharmacy well ，do well in the protection of staff in different pharmaceutical posts ，drug security work in response to epidemic situation ，and develop pharmaceutical care. So far，the understanding of SARS-CoV- 2 in the pharmaceutical industry is relatively limited. Based on the accumulated experience and progress in epidemic prevention and control ，the expert consensus will be updated and improved continuously ，so as to provide guidance and help for hospital pharmaceutical personnel.关键词：Coronavirus;SARS-CoV-2;Hospital pharmacy;Work guidance;Prevention strategies;Interpretation
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for helping poor patients with chronic diseases to get rid of poverty and enjoy drug welfare. METHODS ：A overall general questionnaire was designed and conducted in Lianyungang City and Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province ，and then conducted formal investigation in Gansu ，Hebei and Sichuan. Factor analysis was used to analyze the survey results ，and the drug welfare effects of 4 kinds of chronic diseases were scored ，the difference and main influential factors of drug welfare effect for different chronic disease patients were found out. RESULTS ：A total of 745 questionnaires were sent out ， and 721 effective questionnaires were finally collected ，with an effective recovery rate of 96.8％. Factor analysis results showed that the drug welfare effect of patients with chronic diseases can be divided into 5 dimensions such as drug health effect ，drug fair effet，drug price effect ，drug availability effect and personal economic level effect. The average score of comprehensive drug welfare effect of chronic disease patients was 2.56（general）. The average scores of comprehensive drug welfare effects in patients with diabetes，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ，chronic respiratory system diseases and malignant tumors were 3.12（good）， 2.73（general），2.56（general）and 1.90（poor）. The key factors influencing the drug welfare of the patients with chronic diseases were health effect ，drug fair effect ，and drug price effect. CONCLUSIONS ：In formulating relevant policies ，the state should take drug health effect ，drug fair effect ，drug price effect and drug availability of chronic diseases into consideration ，and formulate more comprehensive and effective drug policy.关键词：Chronic di sease patients;Drug welfare effect;Factor analysis;Questionnaire investigation
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To o ptimize the t ype of nervous system medicines in National Essential Medicine List of China. METHODS：Various editions of WHO Essential Medicine Model List （WHO EML ）were consulted ，the collection of nervous system medicines was analyzed statistically ，and 2017 edition of WHO EML was compared with 2018 edition of National Essential Medicine List of China （NEML）. RESULTS ：During 1977-2017，the total number of nervous system medicines and disease coverage included in each edition of WHO EML had little change. Compared with 2017 edition of WHO EML ，2018 edition of NEML contained more medicines for nervous system disease （54 medicines vs. 30 medicines），and covered more disease types ， such as dementia （huperzine A ）and neuralgia （pregabalin），etc. However ，for the treatment of multiple sclerosis ，neuralgia， dementia and other diseases ，there were not many medicines to choose ，and some similar medicines （with the same or similar mechanism of action ）were collected repeatedly and some medicines had serious adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS ：It is suggested that National Essential Medicine List should be continuously optimized and perfected ，the varieties of essential medicines for the treatment of nervous system diseases should be increased appropriately ，for improving the treatment effect of such diseases and reducing the cost burden of patients.关键词：Essential medicine;Essential Medicine List;Nerve system disease;WHO;China;Comparison
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer A 549 cells as well as its possible mechanism. METHODS ：The dry bodies of P. americana were soaked with 90％ ethanol and eluted with gradient water-methanol by polyamide column chromatography. The 20％，30％，40％， 50％，60％，70％，80％，90％ methanol elution sites （YS-A-H）were obtained. MTT method was used to screen the active site ， and the inhibition rate of different doses of active site was detected. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect cell apoptosis ，cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential of cells after treated with different doses of active site. RESULTS ：Half inhibition concentrations of YS-A-H were （95.25±8.42），（129.93±7.24），（221.28±12.68），（275.39±14.87），（276.76±16.32），（31.90± 5.34），（163.15±6.97），（122.81±8.36）μg/mL，respectively. YS-F had the strongest activity. After treated with 3，9，27，81 μg/mL YS-F for 24，48，72 h，cell proliferation inhibitory rate was increased significantly at different time points ；after treated for 48，72 h，that was significantly higher than same group after treated for 24 h；after 72 h treatment ，that was significantly higher than same group after 48 h treatment （P＜0.01）. There was no significant effect of 24 h treatment of 3 μg/mL YS-F and 72 h treatment of 9 μg/mL YS-F on the percentage of cells in the late stage of necrosis，24 h treatment of 3 μg/mL YS-F on the percentage of cells in G2/M phase and 48 h treatment of 3 μg/mL YS-F on the reduction rate of mitochondrial membrane potential（P＞0.05）. The percentage of cells in the early stage of apoptosis ，the late stage of apoptosis and the early stage of necrosis ，the late stage of necrosis，as well as the percentage of cells in the Sub-G 0/G1 and S phase at each time point were significantly increased in other different doses groups ，while the percentage of cells in G 0/G1 and G 2/M phase was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. In each dose group，the percentage of cells in the early stage of apoptosis ，the late stage of apoptosis and the early stage of necrosis ，the late stage of necrosis （except for the percentage of cells in the late stage of necrosis treated with YS-F 9 μg/mL for 72 h）and the percentage of cells in Sub-G 0/G1 phase，G2/M phase （except for YS-F 27，81 μg/mL for 48 h）after treated for 48，72 h were significantly higher than same group after 24 h of treatment ；the percentage of cells in G 0/G1 phase，S phase and G 2/M phase （except for YS-F 9 μg/mL for 48 h）after treated for 48，72 h were significantly lower than same group after 24 h of treatment （P＜0.01）；the percentage of cells in the early stage of apoptosis ，the late stage of apoptosis and the early stage of necrosis ，the late stage of necrosis （except for the percentage of cells in the late stage of apoptosis and early stage of necrosis when treated with YS-F 27 μg/mL for 72 h，the percentage of cells in the late stage of necrosis when treated with YS-F 3，9 μg/mL for 72 h were decreased significantly ）and the percentage of cells in S phase （except for YS-F 3 μg/mL for 72 h）and Sub-G 0/G1 phase after treated for 72 h were significantly higher than same group after 48 h of treatment ，while the percentage of cells in G 0/G1 and G 2/M phase were significantly lower than same group after 48 h of treatment （P＜0.01）. After treated with YS-F 9，27，81 μg/mL for 48 h，the reduction rate of cell mitochondrial membrane potential was increased significantly ；YS-F 27，81 μg/mL groups were significantly higher than YS-F 9 μg/mL group，and YS-F 81 μg/mL group was significantly higher than YS-F 27 μg/mL group. CONCLUSIONS：YS-F can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of A 549 cells by preventing cell transformation from S phase to G 2/M phase ，and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential ，in time-dependent or dose-dependent manner.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To investigate the e ffects of Zhuangtongyin water extract （ZTYWE）on hemorheology and blood lipid level of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model rats ，and preliminarily explore its molecular biology foundation of reducing arrhythmia after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS ：Totally 75 SD rats were divided into control group ，model group and ZTYWE low-dose ，middle-dose and high-dose groups. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was established by ligating the left ventricle cyclotron endings for 30 min then reperfusing for 60 min. Since the first day after surgery ，control group and model group were intraperitoneally administrated with same volume normal saline ；ZTYWE low-dose ，middle-dose and high-dose groups were intraperitoneally administrated with medicine solution （6.8，13.6，27.2 g/kg），once a day ，for continuous 28 d. At the 7th， 14th，21st，28th day after surgery ，the incidence rate of arrhythmia of rats were detected. The hemorheology indicators and serum contents of TC ，TG，LDL-C，HDL-C were determined after the last administration. The morphology of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining. The protein expressions of apoptosis-related factor FAS and FAS-L were detected by Western blotting assay. RESULTS ：Compared with control group ，the incidence rates of arrhythmia of rats in model group were significantly increased；the whole blood contrast viscosity ，hematocrit（HCT），in vitro forming length and quality of thrombosis ，platelet aggregation rate ，erythrocyte filtration index （IF），as well as the serum contents of TC ，TG and LDL-C were significantly increased；in vivo thrombus formation time as well as the serum content of HDL-C were significantly decreased ；the protein expression of FAS and FAS-L were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；obvious pathological changes were observed in myocardial tissue. Compared with model group ， the incidence rates of arrhythmia of rats in ZTYWE groups were in obvious reducing trend ； except for the HCT in 163.com low-dose ZTYWE group without significance ， the blood contrast viscosity ，HCT，in vitro forming length and quality of thrombosis ，platelet aggregation rate ，IF as well as the serum contents of TC ，TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased ；in vivo thrombus formation time as well as the serum contents of HDL-C were significantly increased ；the protein expressions of FAS and FAS-L were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）；the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were improved. CONCLUSIONS ：Through the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effect ，Zhuangtongyin decoction can improve indexes of hemorheology index of ischemia-reperfusion model rats ，reduce the contents of TC ，TG and LDL-C ，enhace the contents of HDL-C ，down-regulate the protein expression of FAS and FAS-L ，so as to inhibit myocardial cells apoptosis and reduce arrhythmia.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To compar e the absorpt ion characteristics of gastrodin ，parishin A ，parishin B and parishin C of Gastrodia elata powder，and to explore the effect of particle size on intestinal absorption of above components. METHODS ：Based on everted intestinal sac model ，using accumulative absorption amount （Q）and absorption rate constant （Ka）as indexes ，UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the absorption of gastrodin ，parishin A ，parishin B and parishin C from different doses （2.5，5，10 g/L） of G. elata powder with different particle sizes （fine powder 146 μm，superfine powder 52 μm，ultrafine powder 37 μm）in different segments（duodenum，jejunum，ileum and colon ）. RESULTS ：Q and Ka of gastrodin and parishin B （intestinal segment ），Q（colon） and Ka（ileum and colon ）of parishin C in 2.5 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Q and Ka of gastrodin （intestinal segment ），Q and Ka of parishin B （duodenum，jejunum，ileum）and Ka of parishin C （colon）in 2.5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Q of gastrodin （duodenum），Q of parishin A and parishin B （intestinal segment ）and Q of parishin C （duodenum，jejunum）in 5 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Q（duodenum jejunum ，colon）and Ka（intestinal segment ）of gastrodin ，Q of parishin B （duodenum，ileum and colon）and Q of parishin C （duodenum，ileum）in 5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Q and Ka of parishin B （jejunum，ileum），Q of parishin C （jejunum，ileum）in 10 g/L G. elata superfine powder as well as Q（colon）and Ka（duodenum）of gastrodin ，Q （duodenum，ileum，colon）and Ka（duodenum，colon）of parishin B ，Q（duodenum，ileum）and Ka（duodenum）of parishin C in 10 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder were all increased significantly ，compared with the same dose of G. elata fine powder （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Ka of parishin A （jejunum）and Q of parishin C （duodenum）in 2.5 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Ka of parishin A （jejunum，ileum）， Q and Ka of parishin C （duodenum，jejunum）in 2.5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Ka of gastrodin （jejunum，ileum and colon ），Ka of parishin A （colon），Ka of parishin B （ileum）and Ka of parishin C （jejunum，ileum）in 5 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Ka of gastrodin and parishin C （jejunum，ileum and colon ），Q（jejunum，colon）and Ka（colon）of parishin A ，Ka of parishin B （jejunum，ileum）in 5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Q and Ka of parishin A （ileum）in 10 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Q（duodenum）and Ka（jejunum） of parishin A ，Ka of parishin C （jejunum）in 10 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder were decreased significantly ，compared with the same dose of G. elata fine powder （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Q of gastrodin （colon），Q（colon）and Ka（ileum，colon）of parishin A ，Q and Ka of parishin B （jejunum，colon），Q and Ka of parishin C （ileum，colon）in 2.5 g/L G. elata fine powder ；Q and Ka of gastrodin （colon），Q（ileum，colon）and Ka（jejunum，ileum，colon）of parishin A ，Ka of parishin C （colon）in 2.5 g/L G. elata superfine powder；Q（colon）and Ka（jejunum，ileum，colon）of parishin A and C ，Q and Ka（ileum，colon）of parishin B in 2.5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Q and Ka of gastrodin ，parishin A and C （colon），Ka of parishin B （colon）in 5 g/L G. elata fine powder ；Q and Ka of gastrodin and parishin A （colon），Q and Ka of parishin C （jejunum，ileum，colon）in 5 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Q and Ka of gastrodin（ileum，colon），Q of parishin A （jejunum，ileum，colon），Q and Ka of parishin B （jejunum，colon），Q（jejunum，colon） and Ka（jejunum，ileum，colon）of parishin C in 5 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder ；Q of gastrodin （colon），Q and Ka of parishin A ，B and C （jejunum，ileum，colon）in 10 g/L G. el ata fine powder ；Q of gastrodin （colon），Q and Ka of parishin A and C （jejunum， ileum，colon），Q and Ka of parishin B （colon）in 10 g/L G. elata superfine powder ；Q（colon）and Ka（jejunum，ileum，colon）of gastrodin，Q and Ka of parishin A and C （jejunum，ileum，colon），Q（jejunum，ileum，colon）and Ka（ileum，colon）of parishin B in 10 g/L G. elata ultrafine powder were decreased significantly ，compared with duodeum of the same group （P＜0.05）. Q and Ka of gastrodin（jejunum）in 2.5 g/L G. elata superfine pow关键词：Gastrodia elata;Particle size;Everted intestinal sac model;Absorption characteristics;Gastrodin;Balisensides
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To compare th e difference of the components of volatile oil in Citrus medica from different producing areas. METHODS ：The volatile oil of C. medica from 10 different producing areas was extracted with steam distillation ，and the yield was calculated. The components of the volatile oil of C. medica from different producing areas were analyzed by GC-MS. The compounds were retrieved from NIST 14.L mass spectrum database and identified. Relative mass fraction of chemical component was determined by peak area normalization method. Cluster analysis of samples were performed by using SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS：The yields of volatile oil of C. medica from 10 different producing areas were 0.10％-1.75％，among which sample from Qianwei county in Leshan city of Sichuan province was the highest （1.75％）. A total of 66 components were identified in the volatile oil of C. medica from different producing areas ，with a relative molecular weight of 126.20-392.66. The majority was C 10 and C 15 compounds；isomers with relative molecular weight of 136，154 took up the great proportion ，which were mainly cycloalkane monoterpenes. There were 12 common components in the volatile oil of C. medica from different areas ，which were limonene（24.90％），terpinene（14.71％），（－）-4 terpineol（2.88％），citral（2.33％），α-myrrhene（2.33％），geraniol（1.52％）， α-pinene（1.37％），trans bergamot olene （1.16％），isoterpinene（1.13％），methyl palmitate （1.12％），linalool（1.09％）and geranyl acetate（1.04％）according to relative mass fraction ；8 of them were monoterpenes ，2 were sesquiterpenes and 2 were esters. There were 4 categories of C. medica from different producing areas ，i.e. S 2，S4，S6 clustered into one ；S1，S3，S7，S8 clustered into one ； S5 and S 10 clustered into one ；S9 as one . CONCLUSIONS ： There are some difference of the components in volatile oil of medica from different producing areas ，and the content of the same component also has great difference in the volatile oil of C. medica from different producing areas.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To establ ish the fingerprint of Sojae Semen Nigrum and content determination method of 5 kinds of isoflavones，so as to provide reference for controlling its quality better. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to establish the fingerprint and detect the contents of 5 kinds of isoflavones. The determination was performed on Phenomenex C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.12％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm；the column temperature was 30 ℃ and sample size was 10 μL. Using daidzin as reference，HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of samples were determined. The similarity of 12 batches of samples was evaluated by TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012A） to confirm common peak. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 20.0 software and SIMCA 13.0 software. RESULTS ：There were 19 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of samples ，the similarity of which was higher than 0.94. Totally 5 components were identified，such as daidzin ，glycitin，genistin，daidzein，genistein. Cluster analysis showed that 12 batches of Sojae Semen Nigrum were clustered into 2 categories，i.e. S 1-S3 clustered into one category ，and S 4-S12 clustered into the other category. By principal component analysis ，the contribution rates of two principle components were 53.261％ and 40.715％；accumulative contribution rate was 93.976％. The linear range of above 5 components were 5.97-191.00 µg/mL（r＝0.999 9），1.05-33.46 µg/mL（r＝0.999 9）， 8.93-285.61 µg/mL（r＝0.999 5），0.82-26.33 µg/mL（r＝0.999 9），0.93-29.64 µg/mL（r＝0.999 7），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.881 1，0.611 6，0.078 6，0.243 3，0.511 6 μg/mL，respectively. The limits of detection were 0.264 3，0.244 7， 0.021 4，0.124 8，0.106 7 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability，reproducibility and durability tests were all lower than 5％. Recoveries were 95.15％-96.56％（RSD＝0.51％，n＝6），98.52％-103.45％（RSD＝1.88％，n＝6），95.37％-97.91％ （RSD＝0.95％，n＝6），99.75％-102.00％（RSD＝0.78％，n＝6），100.26％-103.65％（RSD＝1.21％，n＝6）. Among 12 batches of Sojae Semen Nigrum ，the contents of above 5 components were 0.178 3-0.265 9，0.021 7-0.096 2，0.288 5-0.597 2，0.014 1- 0.058 8，0.012 9-0.082 9 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method of 5 kinds of isoflavones can be used for quality control of Sojea Semen Nigrum. The Isoflavone components are similar ，but the contents are different among Sojae Semen Nigrum from different producing areas.关键词：Sojae Semen Nigrum;Isoflavones;HPLC;Fingerprint;Cluster analysis;Principal component analysis;Content
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of different amounts of Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil in self-assembly micelles on intestinal absorption of 4 kinds of euphorbia （euphorbia L 1，L2，L3，L8）in rats. METHODS ：The self-assembled micelle solution containing 4 kinds of euphorbia was prepared by adding 4 kinds of euphorbia （40 mg/L）in excess ，using the fatty oil of Euphorbia Semen（0.2，0.4，1，4 g/L）and sodium deoxycholate as carriers. Totally 60 rats were collected to establish in-situ one-way intestinal perfusion model. Different intestinal segments （duodenum，jejunum，ileum，colon）were perfused with drug-containing intestinal perfusion fluid according to different dosage of Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil. HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of 4 kinds of euphorbia in the intestinal perfusate before and after perfusion. The absorption rate constant （Ka）and apparent absorption coefficient （Peff）of 4 kinds of euphorbia in different intestinal segments were calculated. The ileum segment with better absorption was selected as the object to investigate and calculate the ac cumulative absorption of 4 kinds of euphorbia. RESULTS：The self-assembled micelles formed by different concentrations of fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen could significantly increase the absorption of 4 kinds of euphorbia in different intestinal segments to different extents. When the dosage of Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil was 0.4 g/L，the intestinal absorption effect of 4 kinds of euphorbia were all the best ；the Peff was significantly increased，compared with no fat oil group （P＜0.05 or P＜ . According to the order of Ka and Peff of each intestinal ： segment in different fatty oil dosage groups ，the absorption 0531-89628590。E-mail：1310394709@qq.com effect of 4 kinds of euphorbia in each intestinal segment was the best in jejunum and the worst in colon. Compared with no fatty oil group ，when the amount of Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil w as 0.2-4 g/L，accumulative amount of 4 kinds of euphorbia in the ileum of rats increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the highest in 0.4 g/L Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil group. CONCLUSIONS ：The self-assembly micelle s composed of Euphorbiae Semen fatty oil and deoxycholate can increase the absorption of euphorbia L 1，L2，L3，L8 in each intestinal segment to different extent，and the jejunum is the main absorption segment.关键词：Euphorbiae Semen f atty oil;Euphorbia;Self-assembled micelle;Rat;Intestinal absorpt ion
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for content determination of 6 active ingredients in Paeonia lactiflora during different harvest periods ，and to investigate its variation rules so as to determine the optimal harvesting period. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of gallic acid ， catechin， alibiflorin， paeoniflorin， benzoic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin，and principal component analysis was conducted . The determination was performed on Thermo C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 230 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 µL. RESULTS ：The linear range of the above 6 ingredients were 0.013 2-0.25 mg/mL（r＝0.999 2），0.013 2-0.25 mg/mL（r＝0.999 9），0.026 8-0.51 mg/mL（r＝0.999 7）， 0.42-8.01 mg/mL（r＝0.999 2），0.016-0.31 mg/mL（r＝0.999 4），0.02-0.38 mg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. The limits of quantification were 0.009 3，0.008 5，0.016 3，0.021 7，0.011 3，0.017 4 mg/mL，and the limits of detection were 0.003 3，0.002 7， 0.005 4，0.007 3，0.003 8，0.005 9 mg/mL. RSDs of precision ，stability and repeatability tests were less than 2％. The recoveries were 96.01％-99.43％（RSD＝1.23％，n＝9），97.95％-100.45％（RSD＝0.79％，n＝9），97.98％-100.11％（RSD＝0.68％，n＝ 9），98.83％ -100.09％ （RSD＝0.65％ ，n＝9），98.58％ - 100.95％（RSD＝1.35％，n＝9），96.28％-103.26％（RSD＝ 1.76％，n＝9）. The contents of above 6 ingredients in Radix Paeoniae Rubra （roots） were 0.016％ -0.057％ ，0-0.067％ ， 0.207％-0.640％，2.350％-5.887％，0.030％- 0.245％，0.054％- 0.381％，respectively. On May 30th，the drying rate of Radix 0451-87266873。E-mail：wangzhen_yue@163.com Paeoniae Rubra was the lowest （about 33％），and on Sept. 15th，the drying rate was the highest （about 49％）. The contents of gallic acid and paeoniflorin in the leaves of P. lactiflora were higher than the root during Jul.-Oct. Results of principal component analysis showed that the variance contribution rates of the first two principal components were 71.845％ and 18.170％，respectively；cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.015％. The months with higher comprehensive scores were May to Jun. and Sept. to Oct. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is simple ， accurate，reproducible and precise. It can be used to determine the contents of 6 active ingredients in Radix Paeoniae Rubra during different harvest periods. Sept. 30th to Oct. 15th is the optimum harvesting periods for Radix Paeoniae Rubra ，and leaves can be harvested around Jul. 15th.关键词：Paeonia lactiflora;Roots;Leaves;Harvesting period;HPLC;Content determination;Variation rule;Principal
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To establish the rapid field identification method of Cryptotympana pustulata ecdysis. METHODS ： 3D depth of field synthesis technology was used to identify 50 batches of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants from the length of beak ，size and protrusion degree of upper labial base ，the protrusion degree of the lower labial base ecdysis and the color of its upper transverse groove ，the number and shape of main and lateral spines on the foot ，significance of abdominal valves ，the number of webs ，the number and shape of side plates ，the number of tergum rings ，terminaliae，etc. RESULTS ：Among 50 batches of samples ，S1-S5，S26-S30，S36-S50 were C. pustulata ecdysis；S21-S25 was adulterants of C. pustulata ecdysis after weight gain ；S31-S35 was adulterants of C. pustulata ecdysis after extraction ；S6-S20 were ecdysis from Tibicen flammatus ，C. flammatta，Lyristes pekinensis ，all of which were adulterants. The main distinguishing feature of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants was that abdomen and ventral surface of C. pustulata ecdysis were triangular ，and the abdomen and ventral surface of other species was nearly parallel ；the valve of C. flammatta ecdysis was obvious ，but those of other varieties were not obvious ；the lateral appearance of terminaliae of C. flammatta ecdysis was sharper than those of other species ；there was an acute angle between the front foot accessory thorns and the end thorns of the T. flammatus ecdysis，and an obtuse angle between the front foot accessory thorns and the end thorns of the L. pekinensis ecdysis. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple ，reliable and suitable for rapid field identification of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants.关键词：3D depth of field synthesis technology;Cryptotympana pustulata ecdysis;Adulterants;Rapid field identification
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To study the composition and contents of flavonoids chemical components in waste material during industrialization of Pueraria thomsonii resources，and to provide reference for comprehensive development and reasonable utilization of the variety. METHODS ：Using“No. 2 Gange”of P. thomsonii from Jiangxi as objects ，UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC method were adopted to detect the components and contents of flavonoids in the root （with or without cortex ），cortex，flower， fibrous root ，stem，head and dregs （with or without cortex ）of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial wastewater （with or without cortex ）after precipitation of pueraria powder. RESULTS ：The linearity ，precision，repeatability，stability and recovery of the established method for content determination of 7 flavonoids（puerarin，daidzin，iridoxine-7-O-xylose glucoside ，genistin， iridin，daidzein and kakkalide ）were all in line with the requirements. Totally 12 kinds of flavonoids were identified ，among which the flavonoids in the root ，cortex，stem，fibrous root ，head and dregs of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial wastewater were the same ，mainly were puerarin ，daidzin，genistein，daidzein and malonyl-daidzein. The flower of P. thomsonii mainly included iridoxine- 7-O-xylose glucoside ，genistin，iridin，kakkalide，6″-O-xylosyldaidzein，but the components as puerarin ， daidzin and its aglycone were not be detected. The content of puerarin in the head of P. thomsonii was the highest （5.765％）. The contents of puerarin in root and dregs of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial waste-water in samples with cortex were all higher than in corresponding peeled sample. CONCLUSIONS ：The waste material from the industrialization of P. thomsonii resources contains a lot of flavonoids with rich species and high content ，and can be used as an important raw material for obtaining flavonoids such as puerarin.关键词：Pueraria thomsonii;Waste material;Flavonoids;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS;HPLC;Structure identification;Content
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To study the distri bution and targeting characteristics of Apigenin nanosuspension （AP-NPs）in mice. METHODS：AP-NPs was prepared with ultrasound microprecipitation. Kunming mice were randomly divided into apigenin （AP） solution group and AP-NPs suspension group ，with 45 mice in each group. The mice were given relevant medicine intragastrically （80 mg/kg）；blood sample of eyeball 500 μL were collected before medication（0 h）and 0.25，0.5，1，2，4，6，8，10 h after medication. After the last blood collection ，the mice were sacrificed and their heart ，liver，spleen，lung，kidney and brain tissues were taken. After protein precipitation with methanol ，HPLC method was adopted for determining plasma and tissues. The determination was performed on Shimadzu ODS-SP column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （70 ∶ 30，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 340 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. The concentration of AP in different samples was calculated according to standard curve，main pharmacokinetic parameters （AUC，cmax）of AP and the ratio of peak concentration （ce），relative uptake rate （RUE），uptake ratio and its change value were calculated with DAS 2.0 software and Excel 2010 software；the tissue distribution and targeting characteristics of AP were analyzed. RESULTS：The linear range of AP in plasma and tissue s were 0.1-25.0 μg/mL（all r＞0.99）；the lower limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/mL. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were all lower than 15％，and the accuracy were 94.37％-117.48％. The extraction recovery rates were all more than 80％. Compared with AP solution group ，the concentrations of AP in plasma sample （during 0.5-6 h），liver tissue （during 0.25-8 h），spleen tissue （during 0.25-8 h）and cerebral tissue （during 0.25-4 h）were increased significantly in AP-NPs suspension group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the highest in liver tissue. The concentrations of AP in heart tiusse （6 h），liver tissue （10 h），lung tissue （0.5 h），spleen tissue （during 0.25-10 h）were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was statistical significance in AUC and cmax of AP in plasma and tissue samples between 2 groups（P＜ 0.05）. The ce，RUE，uptake ratio and its change value of liver tissue were the highest ，being 1.34±0.40，1.99±0.29，48.49％ and 15.71％ . CONCLUSIONS ：After AP is made into nanosus- pension，the distribution of drug tissue is changed ，especially targeting effect on liver tissue is improved.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-tumor effect of artemether （ARM）self-microemulsifying drug delivery system （SMEDDS） on human glioma subcutaneously transplanted model mice. METHODS ：Human glioma cell line SHG 44 was inoculated and passed on to establish subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of nude mice. At the 5th，10th，15th，20th and 25th day after inoculation ，the tumor tissue volume was measured and the growth curve was drawn to confirm the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation. Thirty nude mice was collected to establish subeutaneously transplanted tumor nude model ，and then divided into control group （normal saline ），ARM suspension group [ 60 mg/（kg·d）]，ARM-SMEDDS low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups [ 10，20，30 mg/（kg·d）] at the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation. They were given normal saline and relevant solution intragastrically once a day ，for consecutive 30 d. The weight change and general sibuation of mice were recorded. The change of tumor volume was determined and relative tumor proliferation rate was calculated. RESULTS ：The subcutaneously transplanted tumor tissue entered the initial stage of rapid tumor proliferation from the 10th day after transplantation. The general situation was normal ，and there was no obvious abnormal reaction in mice of each group during treatment. Since 10th day of administration，tumor tissue volume of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were shortened significantly than control group （P＜0.05）. At 15th day of administration ，tumor volume of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were shortened significantly than ARM suspension group（P＜0.05）. After last administration ，relative tumor proliferation rates of mice in ARM-SMEDDS groups were decreased significantly，compared with ARM suspension group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：ARM-SMEDDS show significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human glioma ，and are better than suspension with higher dosage.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for content determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in Sargassum and its adulterants，and to carry out cluster analysis ，so as to provide reference for quality control of Sargassum. METHODS ：Totally of 18 batches of sample （S1-S6 as certified product ，S7-S18 as adulterants ）were collected. After acid hydrolysis ，amino acids contents were detected by using automatic amino acid analyzer. The separation was performed on LCAK 06/Na sulfonic acid cation exchange resin column with mobile phase consisted of buffer-regeneration system （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.45 mL/min （elution pump ）and 0.25 mL/min（derivative pump ）. The detection wavelengths were set at 440 nm（proline）and 570 nm（other amino acids ），and the sample size volume was 50 μL. PASW Statistics 18.0 software was used ，and cluster analysis was conducted by using group connection method of cluster analysis with “square Euclidean distance ”as the measurement standard. RESULTS ：17 kinds of amino acids were well separated without interference from blank sample. The linear relationship between mass concentration and peak area was good （all r were over 0.998），and the upper and lower limits of the linear range were 48.06 μg/L （cystine）and 1.501 μg/L（glycine），respectively；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 2％. The average recoveries were between 90.60％-101.56％（RSDs were 0.88％-2.15％，n＝6）. 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in Sargassum and its adulterants ，among which the contents of glutamic acid ，aspartic acid ，leucine，alanine，glycine and valine were relatively high . Results of cluster analysis showed that 18 batches of sample were clustered into 4 categories，i.e. S 1-S6 into one category；S7-S9 into one category ；S10-S12，S16-S18 into one category ；S13-S15 into one category ；which was consistent with the identification result of Sargassum and its adulterants . CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple ， rapid， accurate and reproducible，and can be used for the quantitative analysis and identification of amino acids in Sargassum and adulterants.关键词：Sargassum;Adulterants;Cation exchange chromatography;Post-column derivatization;Amino acids
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for choosing a more economical first-line treatment for advanced or recurrent squamous cell NSCLC and reducting patients ’cost burden. METHODS ：Based on a published high-quality phase Ⅲ randomized clinical controlled trial ，Markov model was established according to the disease development process. The disease development process of patients with squamous cell NSCLC was divided into non-progressive free survival state ，disease progress state and death state. The cost-effectiveness analysis of ND regimen containing nedaplatin and CD regimen containing cisplatin was carried out on the basis of the treatment cost data of our hospital. The uncertainty of the results was evaluated with single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis. RESULTS ：According to the results of analysis Markov model ，the cost-effectiveness in ND regimen was 54 995.58 yuan/QALYs，in CD regimen was 50 274.36 yuan/QALYs，and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 86 327.27 yuan/QALYs，which was lower than the willing payment threshold （193 932.00 yuan/QALYs）. The results of single factor sensitivity analysis showed that non-progressive free survival of patients accepted two regimens had the greatest influence on the cost-effectiveness analysis results. The probability sensitivity analysis showed that with the increase of per capita GDP in China ， the probability of cost-effectiveness of ND regimen increased gradually. CONCLUSIONS ：Compared with CD regimen ，ND regimen is more cost-effective in the treatment of advanced or recurrent squamous cell NSCLC.关键词：Nedaplatin;Cisplatin;Docetaxel;Advanced;Recurrent;Squamous cell NSCLC;Cost-effectiveness analysis
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To inve stigate the effects of polymorphism of CYP3A4，CYP3A5 and other genes on the increasing of tacrolimus blood concentration by Wuzhi capsules in renal transplantation patients. METHODS ：Totally 194 patients in Han nationality underwent renal transplantation and rece ived outpatient follow-up after surgery were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during Aug. 2015-Nov. 2018，and then divided into single drug group （107 cases）and combination group （87 cases）according to using of Wuzhi capsules or not. Single drug group was given Tacrolimus capsules 0.1-0.15 mg/kg，po，bid+Mycophenolate mofetil capsule s 0.5-0.75 g，bid or Mycophenolate sodium enteric-coated tablets 360-540 mg，bid+Prednisone acetate tablets 10 mg，qd；combination group was additionally given two Wuzhi capsules ，bid，on the basis of single drug group. Two groups were treated at least 7 d. The clinical data （such as patients ’sex and age ）were collected ，and enzyme amplification immunoassay was used to detect steady-state valley concentration of tacrolimus ，and calculate valley concentration/daily dose （C/D）value. PCR was adopted to detect patient genotyping of CYP3A5 gene rs 4646457，rs15524 and rs776746 locus，CYP3A4 gene rs 4646437，rs2242480 and rs 35599367 locus，ABCB1 gene rs 1128503 locus，ABCC2 gene rs3740066 locus，NR1I2 gene rs 3814055 locus，POR gene rs 1057868 locus，PPARA gene rs 4253728 locus，IL-3 gene rs 181781 locus， IL-10 gene rs 1800896 locus，CTLA4 gene rs 4553808 locus，CYP2C19 gene rs 4244285 and rs 4986893 locus，respectively. The correlation of each factor and tacrolimus C/D value was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Spearman rank test. Multivariate linear regression was conducted. RESULTS ：In 194 renal transplanation patients ，only wild type at rs 3599367 locus of CYP3A4 gene and rs4253728 locus of PPARA gene were detected ，and each genotype distribution of other genes was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P＞0.05）. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that the combination of Wuzhi capsules and rs 776746 polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene were related to tacrolimus C/D value（P＜0.05）. There was statistical significance in tacrolimus C/D values among different genotypes of CYP3A5 gene in single drug group and combnation group（P＜0.05）. C/D value of GG and AG genotype in single drug group were significantly lower than combination group （P＜ 0.05），while there was no statistical significance in tacrolimus C/D value of AA genotype between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Combination of Wuzhi capsules or not and polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene rs 776746 locus are associated with blood concentration of tacrolimus in renal transplantation patients in Han nationality. Combined use of Wuzhi capsules can increase blood concentration of tacrolimus in GG and AG genotype ，but have no significant effect on AA genotype.关键词：Tacrolimus;Wuzhi capsules;Renal transplantation;Han nationality;Blood concentration;Gene polymorphism
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluat e the efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine versus oral administration of chloral hydrate for programmed sedation in children. METHODS ：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，PubMed， Embase，CBM，CNKI and Wanfang database ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine （trial group ）versus oral administration of chloral hydrate （control group ）for programmed sedation in children were collected. Cochrane 5.1.0 bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures after literature screening and data extraction，and Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS ：A total of 8 RCTs were included ， with a total of 1 413 children. Meta-analysis showed that the sedation success rate [RR ＝1.13，95％CI（1.02，1.25），P＝0.02]，sedation onset time [MD ＝－1.07，95％CI（－1.82，－0.31），P＝0.006]，sedation duration [MD ＝－8.25，95％CI（－14.02，－2.47），P＝ 0.005]，wake-up time [MD ＝－9.63，95％CI（－15.40，－3.86），P＝0.001]，the incidence of nausea and vomiting [RR ＝0.05，95％CI （0.02，0.14），P＜0.000 01] in the trial group were significantly better than those in control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of SpO 2＜95％ [RR＝0.60，95％CI（0.24，1.54），P＝0.29]，incidence of hypotension [RR ＝1.18，95％CI（0.51， 2.74），P＝0.71]，incidence of bradycardia [RR ＝1.33，95％CI（0.18，9.88），P＝0.78] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS ：Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine has better efficacy than oral administration of chloral hydrate for programmed sedation in children with good safety.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of classical prescription versus antihistamines in the treatment of eczema. METHODS ：Retrieved from CBM and CNKI ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about classical prescription（trial group ）versus antihistamines （control group ）in the treatment of eczema were collected. The qualities of included literatures were evaluated by modified Jadad scale after literature screening and data extraction ，and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software. RESULTS ：Totally 19 RCTs involving 1 829 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that total response rate of patients with Shire Yunfu type [OR ＝5.67，95％CI（3.44，9.33），P＜0.000 01]，Pixu Shiyun type [OR ＝4.23， 95％ CI（1.89，9.46），P＝0.000 4]，Xuexu Fengzao type [OR ＝3.57，95％ CI（2.36，5.41），P＜0.000 01] in trial group were significantly higher than that of control group. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of ADR between patients with Shire Yunfu type [OR ＝0.72，95％CI（0.21，2.41），P＝0.59]，Pixu Shiyun type [OR ＝0.31，95％CI（0.01，13.57），P＝0.54]，Xuexu Fengzao type [OR＝1.08，95％ CI（0.18，6.59），P＝0.93] in trial group and control group. After treatment ，the levels of TNF-α [SMD＝－1.67，95％CI（－2.04，－1.31），P＜0.000 01]，IL-6 [SMD＝－1.53，95％CI（－1.88，－1.17），P＜0.000 01] and IL-8 [SMD＝－1.75，95％CI（－2.28，－1.21），P＜0.000 01] in patients with Shire Yunfu type in trial group were significantly lower than control group. There was no statistical significance in CD 4+ levels [SMD ＝1.51，95％CI（－0.37，3.38），P＝0.12] between Shire Yunfu type patients in trial group and control group. CONCLUSIONS ：Therapeutic efficacy of classical prescription in treatment of eczema is better than antihistamines，with similar safety . Modified Longdan xiegan decoction can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with Shire Yunfu type.
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发布时间：2022-06-21 - 摘要：OBJECTIVE：To evaluate th e eff ects of infusion sequence regulation on the promotion of intravenous rational drug use. METHODS ：The intelligent control of infusion sequence was realized with Markov chain machine learning method on the basis of intelligent reminder manual labeling infusion sequence. Selected from Binhu Hospital of Hefei during Jan. to Sept. 2017， 164 800 inpatients’medication orders were collected as data before intelligent control of infusion sequence ，and 264 600 inpatients’ medication orders were collected as data after intelligent control of infusion sequence. The correct rate of incompatibility ，storage time limit ，administration frequency ，chronopharmacology，preventive drugs ，drug interaction ，auxiliary drugs and infusion sequence for intravenous irritant drugs were compared before and after regulation ；the times of flushing tube ，the cost of flushing tube infusion and the change of liquid property in the infusion tube were compared before and after regulation. RESULTS ：The correct rate of incompatibility ，storage time limit ，administration frequency ，chronopharmacology，drug interaction and infusion sequence for auxiliary drugs after regulation were significantly higher than before regulation ；the correct rate of infusion sequence for preventive drugs and intravenous irritant drugs ，the times of flushing tube ，the cost of flushing tube infusion and the case number of the liquid change （proportion） in infusion tube were significantly lower than before regulation （P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS：Intelligent regulation of infusion sequence can improve the rationality of intravenous medication sequence to a certain extend.关键词：Intravenous medication;Intelligent regulation of infusion sequence;Infusion sequence;Correctness
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发布时间：2022-06-21
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