OBJECTIVE：To compare the quality between Stamen typhae and pollen of T. angustifolia ，and provide scientific evidence for the improvement of quality standard of T. angustifolia . METHODS ：Fifteen batches of S. typhae were collected. Pollen minus sieve ，impurity plus sieve （filament and anther ）were sift out from S. typhae according to the identification method of T. angustifolia in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition）. The characteristics and components of S. typhae and pollen ，filament and anther of T. angustifolia were comfirmed by impurity ， character examination and microscope ， TLC. The contents of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside and typhaneoside in S. typhae and pollen ，impurities plus sieve （filament and anther ）of T. angustifolia were determined by HPLC. RESULTS ：S. typhae was a mixture of pollen ，anther and filament of T. angustifolia ，in the form of brownish yellow flocculent. The pollen of S. typhae was yellow powder with delicate hand feel ，slight smell and light taste；the surface of cells was slightly striped. The filaments and anthers were filiform and short-term ，rough and astringent ，and the cell surface were long strip. TLC chromatogram of S. typhae ，pollen and impurity of T. angustifolia had the same color spots at the same location. The contents of isorhamnetin- 3-O-neohesperidoside，typhaneoside and their aggregate were the highest in pollen （0.42％，0.24％，0.64％）；the second in S. typhae （0.22％，0.17％，0.39％）；the lowest in the impurities plus sieve （0.19％， 0.14％，0.33％）. The total contents of isorhamnetin- 3-O-neohesperidoside and typhaneoside in S. typhae and in impurities plus sieve did not reach the content limit stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （not less than 0.50％）. CONCLUSIONS：The medicinal components of T. angustifolia mainly exist in pollen. It is suggested that S. typhae should be used as the raw material to obtain pollen，and should not be used directly.