OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin in patients with chronic renal disease ，and to provide reference for evidence-based reference for rational use in the clinic. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library ，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang database ，RCTs about prophylactic use aspirin 75-150 mg/d（aspirin group）versus no aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs or placebo （control group ）were collected from inception to May 14th，2019. Relevant data were extracted. After quality evaluation with bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0，Meta-analysis of the incidence of cardiovascular events ，renal events and bleeding events in patients with chronic renal disease was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software. RESULTS ：A total of 5 RCTs were included ，involving 4 728 patients；among them ，there were 2 392 persons in aspirin group and 2 390 persons in control group. Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the incidence of cardiovascular events [OR ＝0.59，95％CI（0.13，1.12），P＝0.11] and the incidence of renal events [OR ＝0.42，95％CI（0.08，2.23），P＝0.31] between aspirin group and control group. The incidence of bleeding events [OR ＝2.12，95％CI（1.23，3.66），P＝0.007] in aspirin group was significantly higher than control group. After exculsion of two heterogeneity literatures ，the incidence of cardiovascular events [OR ＝0.27，95％CI（0.13，0.55），P＝0.000 3] in aspirin group was significantly lower than control group. CONCLUSIONS ：Prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin can prevent cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease to certain extent. The low-dose aspirin should be used carefully to prevent cardiovascular events in chronic renal disease patients with high risk of bleeding.