OBJECTIVE：To study the current status and influencing factors of medication compliance in children with tic disorder（TD），and to provide reference for improving medication compliance in TD children. METHODS：The questionnaire was designed according to the protection motivation theory. The cross-sectional study was adopted to conduct questionnaire survey among TD children in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2019. The structural equation model was established according to the theoretical assumptions，and the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the model；multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for the factors with significant influence in the single factor analysis，and path analysis and intermediary effect test were carried out. RESULTS：A total of 317 patients with TD were included，the mean age was（8.38±2.54）years，and the mean course of disease was（3.19±2.46）years. Average medication compliance scores was （5.70±1.69），among which 15.1％ was low compliance，37.5％ moderate compliance，and 47.3％ high compliance. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that comorbidities（β＝0.124，SE＝0.167，P＝0.011），education level of the main guardian（β＝ 0.236，SE＝0.110，P＜0.001），quality of life（β＝0.399，SE＝0.112，P＜0.001）and the types of drugs taken（β＝0.166，SE＝ 0.047，P＝0.001）were the factors affecting medication compliance of children with TD. Structural equation model analysis showed that severity（β＝0.295，95％CI：0.103-0.493），external return（β＝0.830，95％CI： 0.662-1.002），self-efficacy（β＝0.200，95％CI： 0.057-0.353），susceptibility（β＝0.220，95％CI：0.084-0.352）and quality of life（β＝0.353，95％CI：0.211-0.500）had a direct positive impact on medication compliance. Quality of life mediated between external returns and compliance variables（intermediary effect accounted for 13.9％ of the total effect value）. CONCLUSIONS：Children with TD have low medication compliance. It is recommended that pediatricians in medical institutions at all levels to manage the medication compliance of patients with TD from the severity，susceptibility，external returns and self-efficacy，so as to improve patients and guardians’awareness of the severity and susceptibility of disease and medication non-adherence，weaken external returns and increase self-efficacy，and ultimately improve medication compliance of patients