OBJECTIVE：To learn from pedia tric drug pricing and price incentive policy in Japan ，and to provide reference for the improvement of pediatric drug price system in China. METHODS ：The drug pricing strategy of Japan was analyzed ，and price incentive policy of pediatric drugs in Japan and its implementation status and effect were summarized. The suggestions of perfecting the price system of pediatric drugs in China were put forward . RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The pricing strategy of medical insurance drugs in Japan included two types ，such as access pricing of medical insurance list and price adjustment of drugs in medical insurance list. Among them ，price incentive policy for pediatric drugs mainly included the premium for initial pricing of new pediatric drugs ，the premium for drugs with newly added pediatric indication included in medical insurance list and other measures（such as eligible drugs could obtain indirect price compensation ，and children ’s factors could be considered in health technology assessment ）. Overall ，these measures accelerated the R&D and marketing of Japanese pediatric drugs ，and effectively promoted the development of pediatric drugs in Japan. The author suggests that our country should carry out health technology assessment which reflects the particularity of pediatric drugs ，give appropriate direct price incentives to the payment price of pediatric drugs ，and reasonably set the price of drug specification suitable for children and give price incentives so as to promote the development of pediatric drugs in China.