OBJECTIVE： To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by singer marker （QAMS） for determining the contents of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece. METHODS： HPLC external standard method was used to determine the contents of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece simultaneously [the separation was carried out on Diamonsil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution）； the detection wavelengths of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin and kaempferol were set at 254 nm（0-60 min）； the detection wavelength of diosgenin was set at 202 nm （60-75 min） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃]. Using vanillic acid as internal standard， relative correction factors （RCFs） of aother 5 components were calculated and to investigate durability. Relative retention method was used to accurately locate the chromatographic peaks of the components to be determined， and then the contents of the aother 5 components in Polygonati Rhizoma were calculated according to RCFs， and the results were compared with those determined by external standard method. The method was validated by Polygonati Rhizoma decoction piece. The contents of 6 components were determined by QAMS method and external standard method respectively， and then the differences of content determination were compared between 2 methods. RESULTS： The methodology investigation results of HPLC method were in line with related requirements. Within the linear range， the RCFs of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol were 0.195， 0.025， 0.263， 0.345 and 0.075， respectively. Under different experiment conditions， RCFs showed good reproducibility； there was no statistical significance of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece determined by external standard method and QAMS method （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Established QAMS method is suitable for simultaneous determination of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece.