OBJECTIVE： To establish population pharmacokinetics （PPK） model of vancomycin so as to evaluate the effects of cystatin C （Cys C）on the pharmacokinetics parameters of vancomycin. METHODS： Totally 333 times therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） were retrospectively collected from 225 patients who received vancomycin. Using sex， age， body weight（mT）， Scr and Cys C as covariates， PPK model was established by using nonlinear mixed effect model method. Bootstrap method and normal prediction distribution error （NPDE） method were adopted for internal validation of model. Forty times of TDM data were collected from other 27 patients for external validation. Predicted accuracy and precision of model were investigated with mean prediction error （MPE） and root mean square error （RMSE）. The effects of Cys C change on pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin were evaluated with steady state trough concentration and apparent clearance rate （CL/F） of vancomycin in typical patient （65 year-old， 64 kg， Scr 66 μmol/L， 1 000 mg， q12 h） forecasted with the final model at different levels of Cys C. RESULTS： CL/F of vancomycin was significantly influenced by age， body weight， the levels of Scr and Cys C.  V/F was equal to 82.5 L. The robust rate verified by Bootstrap method was 100％. Except for the interindividual variation of V/F， the relative bias of other pharmacokinetic parameters was less than 5％， and the estimated parameters of the final model were in the 95％ confidence intervals of estimated values of Bootstrap. NPDE results showed that the homogeneity of variance was consistent with normal distribution （P＞0.05）. In external validation， MPE and RMSE of the simplest model were －1.52 μg/mL and 6.87 μg/mL. MPE and RMSE of the final model were －0.32 μg/mL and 4.27 μg/mL， the accuracy and precision were improved significantly in the final model. When Cys C levle of typical patient was 0.3-4.0 mg/L， the steady state trough concentration predicted by final model were 5.25-29.97 μg/mL and CL/F were 1.45-8.71 L/h. CONCLUSIONS： Age， body weight， the levels of Scr and Cys C significantly influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin； moreover， the level of Cys C can change blood concentration of vancomycin. Established PPK model is of great predictive performance， which can be used to estimate the individual pharmacokinetics parameters of vancomycin.