OBJECTIVE： To analyze the causes of the difficulties in prescription outflow among the three main interests as the government， public hospitals and retail pharmacies， as well as the interest claims， and clear the barriers to prescription outflow. METHODS： From the perspective of game theory， the game between government and public hospitals and the game between public hospitals and retail pharmacies were analyzed， and corresponding policy recommendations were proposed. RESULTS： In game between government and public hospital， from aspect of government’s expected revenue， when public hospitals failed to perform the duty of opening prescription， the profits gained and expected revenue were increased， vice versa. The expected revenue of the government decreased when the rewards for hospital’s active treatment of prescription outflow were increased； when the cost of government regulation increased， regulation degree would weaken. From aspect of hospital’s expected revenue， when the regulatory cost of government regulation outflow was increased， the expected revenue of the hospital decreased. When the punishments for hospital’s failure to perform their duty of prescription outflow， the expected revenue of hospitals increased. The social benefits of government losses were directly positive proportional to the expected revenue of hospitals. In game between hospital and retail pharmacy， form aspect of expected revenue of hospitals， when hospitals actively implemented prescription outflow and retail pharmacies negatively treated it， the expected revenue increased. From aspect of expected revenue of retail pharmacies， when retail pharmacies negatively treated prescription outflow， retail pharmacies gained less and vice versa. Retail pharmacy revenue increased when retail pharmacies positively treated prescription outflow and the cost of restructuring increased. CONCLUSIONS： The government formulate uniform regulation standard for public hospital， take corresponding punishment measures for hospitals unwilling to cooperate with the outflow of prescriptions， and strengthen supervision for retail pharmacies. Health departments need to provide “reasonable” financial compensation in time， actively cooperate with hospitals to solve operational pressure needs， and encourage hospitals and clinics to hand over prescriptions to patients for taking medicine. Retail pharmacies should accelerate the transformation， improve professional service capabilities.