OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of maggot oil on the healing of rat with acute skin trauma and infection and its mechanism， in order and to provide reference for further development of maggot oil. METHODS： SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， maggot oil group and Jingwanhong treatment group （positive control）， with 70 mice in each group. Except for normal group， acute skin trauma and infection model was induced in other groups by smearing Staphylococus aureus suspension at the wound. After modeling， normal group and model group were given normal saline， and maggot oil group and Jingwanhong treatment group were given relevant medicine 0.3 mL/100 g， at 9：00 and 17：00， for consecutive 15 d. Wound and wound healing time of rats were observed in each group. The content of hydroxyproline in wound was determined in 10 rats of each group after 1， 2， 4， 6， 8 d of administration. The content of water in wound was determined after 2， 4， 6， 8 d after administration. 2 h after last administration， the content of lysozyme， the levels of inflammatory factors （TNF-α， IL-6）， the expression of NF-κB p65 （in cytoplasm and nucleus） and p-IκB-α （in cytoplasm） protein were determined in 10 rats of each group. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， wound edema of model group was obvious， and wound healing time was （14.3±2.1） d. After 4， 6， 8 d of medication， the content of hydroxyproline in wound of rats was decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After 2， 4， 6， 8 d of medication， the content of water in wound was increased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）.  After 15 d of medication， the serum contents of lysozyme， TNF-α and IL-6 in rats were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）. The expression of NF-κB p65 （in cytoplasm） in wound was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the expressions of NF-κB p65 （in nucleus） and p-IκB-α （in nucleus） protein were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， above indicators of administration groups were improved significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Maggot oil could protect tissue injury induced by acute skin wound infection， promote wound healing. The possible mechanism might play anti-inflammatory effect through promoting collagen production， increasing lysozyme content， regulating NF-κB signal pathway.