OBJECTIVE： To investigate the status quo of knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） of medication in residents， and to explore potential risk factors that may affect medication. METHODS： By approximate random sampling， online （wenjuanxing） and offline method （5 communities of Chengdu city） were used to collect general information （gender， age， monthly income， residence， medical insurance， education level， working condition， occupation） of the residents aged 19 year-old above and conduct KAP investigation during Jul.-Aug. 2017. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of residents’ general information on KAP. RESULTS： A total of 517 online and offline valid questionnaires were obtained， including 200 offline questionnaires were sent out and 184 valid questionnaires were returned with recovery rate of 92％. Average scores of medication knowledge， attitude and practice were （71.4±32.3），（33.7±14.0），（60.7±19.4）， which all reached “good” in the evaluation standard of questionnaire results. The results of multiple linear regression showed that elderly and low education level were the significant influential factors of residents’ lack of medication knowledge. The male， elderly， low income and low education level were the influential factors of poor drug use behavior. The residents with poor attitudes towards medication were low income and low educated population. CONCLUSIONS： The average risk of residents’ medication in China is low， but it is still necessary to strengthen medication education for special people. It is requisite to focus on the elderly， the low education level， the low income population and the male residents.