OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for further improving the rationality of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics in laparoscopy surgery. METHODS： Electronic medical records and medical orders of 5 288 inpatients underwent laparoscopy surgery were collected from our hospital during Jan. 1st-Dec. 31st， 2016 by using related information system software. The perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics was investigated retrospectively. Rationality of medical orders was evaluated. RESULTS： Among 5 288 patients underwent laparoscopy surgery， 1 890 patients used antibiotics for infection prevention during perioperative period. The rate of prophylactic use of antibiotics was 35.7％. The rate of prophylactic use of antibiotics in stomach， duodenum and small intestine operation was the highest （69.4％）； the rate of prophylactic use of antibiotics in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery also reached 68.0％； prophylactic use of antibiotics was not found in the surgery of abdominal external hemia. The majority of 1 890 patients who had used antibiotics prophylactically during perioperative period used antibiotics alone （83.4％）. Top 3 drugs in the list of use frequency were cefuroxime sodium （63.9％）， metronidazole （13.5％） and cefotaxime sodium （11.85）. There were irrational medical orders in 151 cases （8.0％） of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics； among prescriptions of irrational drug use， the majority was unsuitable drug selection （50.3％）， followed by unsuitable drug selection among nonstandard medical orders. CONCLUSIONS： The overall situation of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics is basically satisfactory in laparoscopic surgery of our hospital. The rate of prophylactic use of antibiotics is relatively high in type Ⅰ incision surgery， and irrational drug use is found in some medical orders of prophylactic drug use. It is necessary to formulate regulations for prophylactic use of antibiotics in accordance with the actual situation of the hospital， strengthen medical order evaluation for perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics in laparoscopy surgery， relevant rational drug use education.