OBJECTIVE： To investigate the factors that influence the progression-free survival time （PFS） of patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after first chemotherapy， and to provide reference for the formulation of clinical individual treatment regimen. METHODS： Clinical information of 84 patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type NSCLC after first chemotherapy were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2012-Dec. 2014. The effects of patient’s factors [gender， age， performance status （PS） score]， disease factors [tumor staging， tumor marker （TM） level] and treatment factors （chemotherapy regimen and treatment course， chemotherapy efficacy） on PFS were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS： All patients were followed up for 11.933 months averagely （final follow-up time of Jun. 30th， 2017）， and their median PFS was 4.017 months. The median PFS of male was slightly shorter than that of female； the median PFS of patients aged more than 65 year-old was slightly shorter than that of patients aged below 65 year-old； the median PFS of patients with PS score of 0-1 was slightly longer than that of patients with PS score of 2-4， without statistical significance （P＞0.05）. The median PFS of Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage patients was significantly longer than that of Ⅳ stage patients； the median PFS of patients with at least one TM index was 10 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value was significantly shorter than that of patients with four TM indexes were all 10 times lower than the upper limit of the normal value； the median PFS of patients underwent 1-3 treatment courses was significantly shorter than that of patients underwent 4-6 treatment courses； the median PFS of patients with progressive disease efficacy was significantly shorter than that of patients with stable disease efficacy or above， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. Among 84 patients， 81 patients selected PP regimen （pemetrexed disodium+platinum）， and other patients chose non-PP regimen. Due to the large difference in the number of cases， the effect of the chemotherapy regimen on the patient’s PFS was not investigated. CONCLUSIONS： The disease factor and treatment factor of patients may be associated with PFS. Tumor staging， at least one TM index was 10 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value， the number of completed chemotherapy treatment course， chemotherapy efficacy are independent influential factors of PFS in patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma type NSCLC.