OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for introducing supply chain governance theory into essential medicine supply guarantee reform evaluation system in poverty and remote areas. METHODS： The literatures and reform policies in the field of essential medicine supply guarantee since the New Medical Reform were sorted out to analyze the problems and insufficiency of existing researches， and explore the feasibility of supply chain governance theory in the field of essential medicine supply guarantee. RESULTS： The research boundary of existing studies is not clear， and existing studies are lack of evaluation and analysis method， focus too much on using available data and the result of its quantitative， and lack of comprehensive analysis of combined quantitative and qualitative under theoretical framework. The introduction of supply chain governance theory reveal the mechanism of policy’s effectiveness clearly， to provide the reference of policies’ tendency. ?CONCLUSIONS： Through the establishment of theoretical framework based on supply chain governance theory， evaluation system will expand the study strategies and data collection technology in the field of drug circulation. Furthermore， supply chain governance theory and method can be generalized. It not only applies in poverty and remote areas and for the evaluation of essential medicine supply guarantee， but also can be used in the field of drug circulation reform.