OBJECTIVE： To analyze the rationality of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） in the prevention of stress ulcer in perioperative orthopedic patients of our hospitals， and to provide reference for ratioual use of PPIs in clinic. METHODS： The medical records of discharged orthopedic patients were selected during Jan. 1st-30th in 2016. Those records were analyzed statistically in respects of the use of PPIs， general information of patients， operation situation， the stressors and risk factors of stress ulcer. The rationality of the use of PPIs was analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS： Among 664 surgical patients， PPIs were used in 210 cases， and H2 receptor antagonist （H2RA） were used in 74 cases， with prophylactic rate of 42.77％. The main types of operation were fracture fixation （74 cases， 35.24％）， discectomy and discectomy （38 cases， 18.11％）. Among 210 patients receiving PPIs， all of them used PPIs， among which 68 cases （32.38％） had no medication indications， 128 cases （60.95％） were medication timing error， 74 cases （35.24％） were administration frequency error and 44 cases （20.95％） were more than 3 d prophylactic drug use. CONCLUSION： When orthopedic patients use PPIs for the prevention of stress ulcer， there are serious irrational phenomena in indications， species selection， usage and dosage， treatment course and so on. Clinicians and regulators should pay great attention to it so as to avoid the excessive application of PPIs.