OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the food and drug inspection and testing system in Gansu province. METHODS： The food and drug inspection and testing institutions in Gansu province were investigated by using questionnaires and interview. Information about resource allocation， operational capacity and business scope in various levels of food and drug inspection and testing institutions in Gansu province were collected. Problems existing in food and drug inspection and testing system in Gansu province were analyzed， and countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The food and drug inspection and testing system in Gansu province is not perfect， showing unreasonable resource allocation， lack of inspection and testing resources as a whole， low resource utilization， imperfect management mechanism， weak normativity and other problems. In order to achieve the improvement of food and drug inspection and testing system in Gansu province， countermeasures were put forward， including optimizing resource allocation of inspection and testing， enhancing facility and capacity， improving the utilization of existing resources， improving management mechanism， process and standard.