OBJECTIVE： To investigate the relationship between HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism and allopurinol-induced ADR in the Han population of Hainan Province. METHODS： The in-situ hybridization fluorescence staining analysis technique was used to detect HLA-B*5801 allele of 149 inpatients receiving allopurinol in Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital during Sept. 2015-Sept. 2017. They were divided into tolerance group and ADR group according to ADR. Woolf’s formula was used to calculate OR. The correlation of HLA-B*5801 allele with the occurrence of allopurinol-induced ADR was analyzed. RESULTS： Of 149 patients， there were 133 cases in tolerance group， among which 17.29％ （23/133） carried HLA-B*5801 allele. There were 16 cases in ADR group， among which 93.75％（15/16） carried HLA-B*5801 allele. Among 16 ADR patients， 13 patients suffered from lesion of skin and its appendents； 1 patient suffered from systemic damage； 1 patient suffered from gastrointestinal systemic damage； 1 patient suffered from central and peripheral nervous system damage. The risk of ADR in patients with HLA-B*5801 allele was significantly higher than patients without HLA-B*5801 allele（OR：71.74，95％CI：9.02-570.55，P＜0.000）. The lesion of skin and its appendents was strongly associated with HLA-B*5801 allele （OR：57.39， 95％CI： 7.11-463.50， P＜0.000）. CONCLUSIONS： HLA-B*5801 allele is strongly associated with allopurinol-induced ADR. It is suggested that HLA-B*5801 allele of Han patients should be detected before taking allopurinol， which helps to reduce the incidence of allopurinol-induced ADR.